Ecological geneticsEcological geneticsЭкологическая генетика1811-09322411-9202Eco-Vector69046810.17816/ecogen690468Genetic basis of ecosystems evolutionГенетические основы эволюции экосистемUnknownSearch for traces of selection for meat productivity in Cornish chickenПОИСК СЛЕДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИ НА МЯСНУЮ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ У КУР ПОРОДЫ КОРНИШhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-9344571897595928768-8906DementievaNatalia V.ДементьеваНаталия Викторовна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading research associate

кандидат биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

dementevan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-644465059187719897-0884SmaragdovMichael G.СмарагдовМихаил Григорьевич
Russian Federation

Кандидат биологических наук, специалист лаборатории молекулярной генетики

mik7252@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-6287572216192643547-1009ShcherbakovYuri S.ЩербаковЮрий Сергеевич
Russian Federation

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Junior Researcher

Кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной генетики

yura.10.08.94.94@mail.ruRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных — филиал Федерального исследовательского центра животноводства — ВИЖ им. акад. Л.К. ЭрнстаRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»261120252421809202526112025Copyright ©; , Eco-VectorCopyright ©; , Эко-ВекторEco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/690468

BACKGROUND: One of the approaches to identify the “traces” of selection is the search for extended homozygous (ROH) and heterozygous enriched (HRR) regions in the genome of animals. ROH islands are thought to be the result of directional selection, while HRR islands are thought to be the result of balanced selection.AIM: The aim of this study was a genome-wide SNP analysis of the genotype of cross-selected Cornish chicken to identify ROH and HRR islands in the chromosomes of Cornish chicken and annotate the genes within them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the purposes of this study, biological materials of Cornish HABBARD cross was obtained from biobank of RRIFAGB institute. The chickens were genotyped with the 60K SNP array.

RESULTS: The HRR segments were an order of magnitude shorter than the ROH segments. Data indicate the removal of monomorphic SNPs from the chicken genome whereas SNPs with minor allele frequency MAF < 0.01 were removed. The localization of the ROH islands was completely altered by the removal of SNPs with a MAF < 0.01, whereas the localization of the HRR islands was only partially altered. Genes in the ROH islands are responsible for the weight of the chickens and their feed consumption while retaining SNPs with a MAF < 0.01. Removal of SNPs with a MAF < 0.01 identified ROH islands containing genes associated with the regulation of intramuscular fat content and number of eggs laid. TheHRRislandsfoundcontaingenesresponsibleforchickenbodyweight,feedintake, andembryonicdevelopment.

CONCLUSIONS: Genes located in ROH islands are responsible for the consumer traits of the Cornish meat breed bred by directional selection, while genes located in HRR islands are most likely not the target of balanced selection.

Key words: single nucleotide polymorphism; runs of homozygosity; heterozygosity rich regions; chickens

ПРЕДЫСТОРИЯ: Одним из подходов к выявлению «следов» селекции является поиск расширенных гомозиготных (ROH) и гетерозиготных обогащенных (HRR) участков в геноме животных. Считается, что ROH-острова являются результатом направленного отбора, а HRR-острова – результатом сбалансированного отбора.

ЦЕЛЬ: Целью данного исследования был полногеномный анализ однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (SNP) куриц породы корниш для идентификации ROH- и HRR-островов в хромосомах и аннотации генов в них.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Для целей данного исследования биологический материал петухов корниш кросса HABBARD был получен из биобанка института RRIFAGB. Генотипирование кур проводилось с использованием 60K SNP массива.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Сегменты HRR оказались на порядок короче сегментов ROH. Данные свидетельствуют об удалении мономорфных SNP из генома кур, в то время как SNP с минорной аллельной частотой MAF < 0,01 были удалены. Локализация ROH-островков была полностью изменена удалением SNP с MAF < 0,01, тогда как локализация HRR-островков изменилась лишь частично. Гены ROH-островков отвечают за вес кур и потребление ими корма, при этом SNP с MAF < 0,01 были сохранены. Удаление SNP с MAF < 0,01 позволило идентифицировать ROH-острова, содержащие гены, связанные с регуляцией содержания внутримышечного жира и количества отложенных яиц. Обнаруженные HRR-острова содержат гены, отвечающие за вес кур, потребление корма и эмбриональное развитие.

ВЫВОДЫ: Гены, расположенные на ROH-островках, отвечают за потребительские качества мясной породы корниш, выведенной методом направленного отбора, в то время как гены, расположенные на HRR-островках, скорее всего, не являются объектом балансного отбора.

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