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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">693201</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen693201</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Human ecological genetics</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экологическая генетика человека</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological factors in the formation of the Eurasian genogeographic landscape of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологические факторы в формировании евразийского геногеографического ландшафта гена чувствительности к витамину D (VDR)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6840-7926</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3534-3417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>Мария Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь</p></bio><email>mybfisanihilist@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-4862</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2638-5395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Andrey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Андрей Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr.Sci (Biol.), Leading Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., с.н.с</p></bio><email>dr.kozlov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2452-1532</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1172-4138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershubskaya</surname><given-names>Galina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершубская</surname><given-names>Галина Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мнс</p></bio><email>ggver@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2984-573X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3960-3578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagornaya</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагорная</surname><given-names>Елена Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior lecturer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель</p></bio><email>egnagornaya@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-8300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3248-1238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanovska</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балановская</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, professor, head of the Human Population Genetics Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией Популяционной генетики человека</p></bio><email>balanovska@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ и Музей антропологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИУ ВШЭ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-17"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-14"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/693201">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/693201</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>to analyze the geographical variability of the frequencies of the "risk" alleles C*ApaI, G*BsmI, A*TaqI, and A*FokI of the VDR gene in Eurasian populations, considering the influence of environmental factors.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>Polymorphism of the VDR gene in 140 populations of the indigenous population of Eurasia was studied using our own data (3,441 DNA samples) and materials from 68 publications (an average of 4 alleles from more than 7,000 DNA samples). Maps of the geographical variability of allele frequencies and homozygous genotypes of VDR polymorphisms were created using the weighted average interpolation method of GeneGeo 2.8 software. The average daily ultraviolet radiation (UV-B radiation, 280-315 nm) for a three-month period of minimum natural light levels were obtained from the global glUV dataset. The relationships between genetic polymorphism frequencies, population geographical coordinates, and insolation indices were assessed using Spearman rank correlation.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>Genogeographic maps of the variability in the frequencies of the C*ApaI, G*BsmI, A*TaqI, and A*FokI alleles and their homozygous genotypes in groups of the indigenous population of Eurasia were created. The frequency of A*FokI increased in the western direction (p = 0.013), whereas that of the other alleles increased in the eastern direction (p ≤ 0.001). Population frequencies of the ApaI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms were significantly negatively correlated with the level of UV-B radiation during the three-month period of lowest seasonal insolation (p ≤ 0.014).</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>Although the affiliation of populations to the Caucasoid and Mongoloid racial groups is manifested in the distribution of VDR gene polymorphisms, part of the variability in the frequencies of "risk" alleles is due to environmental factors: level of insolation (UV-B radiation), diet, and availability of foods containing vitamin D.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Проведение анализа географической изменчивости частот «рисковых» аллелей C*ApaI, G*BsmI, A*TaqI и A*FokI гена <italic>VDR</italic> в популяциях Евразии с учетом влияния факторов окружающей среды.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Популяционный полиморфизм гена <italic>VDR</italic> в 140 популяциях коренного населения Евразии исследован по собственным данным (3441 образец ДНК) и материалам 68 публикаций (в среднем по 4 аллелям более 7000 образцов ДНК). Карты географической изменчивости частот аллелей и гомозиготных генотипов полиморфизмов <italic>VDR</italic> созданы с помощью программного обеспечения GeneGeo 2.8 методом средневзвешенной интерполяции. Среднесуточные показатели ультрафиолетовой радиации (УФ-B радиация, 280-315 нм) для трёхмесячного периода минимального уровня естественного освещения получены из глобального набора данных glUV. Связи между частотами генетических полиморфизмов, географических координат популяций и показателями инсоляции рассчитаны с помощью ранговой корреляции Спирмена.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Созданы геногеографические карты изменчивости частот аллелей C*ApaI, G*BsmI, A*TaqI, A*FokI и их гомозиготных генотипов в группах коренного народонаселения Евразии. Установлено, что частота A*FokI нарастает в западном направлении (p = 0,013), остальных аллелей – в восточном (p ≤ 0,001). Популяционные частоты полиморфизмов ApaI, BsmI, FokI связаны достоверной отрицательной корреляцией с уровнем УФ-B радиации в трехмесячный период наименьшей сезонной инсоляции (p ≤ 0,014).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Хотя принадлежность популяций к европеоидному и монголоидному расовым стволам проявляется в распределении полиморфизмов гена <italic>VDR</italic>, часть изменчивости частот «рисковых» аллелей обусловлена экологическими факторами: уровнем инсоляции (УФ-B радиации), характером питания и доступностью содержащих витамин D продуктов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic variability</kwd><kwd>human populations</kwd><kwd>bone mineral metabolism</kwd><kwd>insolation</kwd><kwd>erythemal radiation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетическая изменчивость</kwd><kwd>популяции человека</kwd><kwd>минеральный обмен в кости</kwd><kwd>инсоляция</kwd><kwd>эритемная радиация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «МГНЦ»</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ имени М.В. 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