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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699840</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen699840</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DOBGNC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetic basis of ecosystems evolution</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетические основы эволюции экосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Differences in the intron-retaining fragment of the shortened isoform of the NXF1 protein in different representatives of <italic>Rodentia</italic></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Различия соответствующего интрону фрагмента укороченной изоформы белка NXF1 у различных представителей <italic>Rodentia</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-5759</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8162-8441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondaruk</surname><given-names>Dmitrii D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарук</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Денисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.bondaruk@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-5760</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7386-1230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubkova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубкова</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>e.golubkova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-0703</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7780-6907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamon</surname><given-names>Ludmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамон</surname><given-names>Людмила Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук</p></bio><email>lmamon46@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0025-6631</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6211-7251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pelle</surname><given-names>Daria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пелле</surname><given-names>Дарья Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kaisa23@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/699840">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/699840</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> This work is devoted to the study of the amino acid composition of the fragment of the protein translated from the intron-retaining transcript of the <italic>Nxf1</italic> gene. The constitutive protein NXF1 is involved in the process of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of mRNA. In addition to the constitutive NXF1 protein, there exists an isoform called sNXF1 (“s” for “short”). This isoform is a product of translation of the intron-retaining transcript. There is an early stop codon in the intronretaining transcript, so the sNXF1 protein is truncated. We have shown that the fragment of this protein corresponding to the beginning of the conserved intron exhibits evolutionary conservation.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This study aimed to analyze the species specificity of the sequence of the C-terminal fragment of the sNXF1 protein translated from the intron.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study was performed employed <italic>in silico </italic>methods, using the sequences of the Nxf1 gene of 33 representatives of the order Rodentia as materials, obtained from publicly available databases and NCBI data. Alignment of the nucleotide sequences was performed using the program MEGA-X, version 10.1.7, using the MUSCLE algorithm (GAP Open-400, 16 iterations). The UPGMA method was used for clustering. Further analysis was carried out using the Unipro UGENE version 36.0. program. Modeling of the protein structure was done using the SWISS-MODEL service with default settings. Phylogenetic trees were created using the Bayes Inference method in the MrBayes program and visualized using FigTree.v1.4.4. Posterior probability percentages were considered reliable if they were &gt;80%–90%. MrBayes parameters were set in the Mesquite program. In our study, model GTR+I+G (General time reversible [GTR] was used; six types of substitution and a combination of the invariable sites model (Proportion of Invariable Sites) with a gamma-model (+I+G, rates=invgamma) were considered. To convert files between formats when performing intermediate operations, the BioEdit v.7.2.5 program was used.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The analysis revealed that the C-terminal fragments of the sNXF1 from some representatives of the order <italic>Rodentia</italic> are of increased length. It was found that the cause of these extended fragments in all cases was a deletion of a cytosine nucleotide. In all identified cases, regardless of the systematic position of the species, the extended fragment contains a sequence of 13 conserved amino acids.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The obtained results indicate that the analyzed sequence fragment does not influence the conformation of the protein the sNXF1 overall. However, since the fragment has a specific folding pattern, it might determine a set of RNP-complex partners.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Исследование посвящено изучению аминокислотного состава C-концевого фрагмента белка, транслируемого с интронсодержащего транскрипта гена Nxf1. Конститутивный белок NXF1 участвует в процессе ядерно-цитоплазматического транспорта мРНК. Помимо конститутивного белка NXF1 существует изоформа, называемая sNXF1 («s» от анг. short — короткий), эта изоформа является продуктом трансляции интрон-сохраняющего транскрипта. Последовательность интрон-сохраняющего транскрипта включает преждевременный стоп-кодон, поэтому соответствующий ему белок оказывается усечён. Таким образом, участок C-концевой последовательности укороченного белка транслируется с интрона. Мы показали, что фрагмент этого белка, соответствующий началу сохранённого интрона, проявляет эволюционную консервативность.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Проанализировать видоспецифичность последовательности C-концевого фрагмента белка sNXF1, транслируемого с интрона.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Вся работа проведена методами in silico, в качестве материала использовали последовательности гена Nxf1 33 представителей отряда Rodentia, полученные из общедоступных баз данных NCBI. Выравнивание последовательностей проводилось в программе MEGA-X v. 10.1.7 с помощью алгоритма MUSCLE (GAP Open-400, 16 итераций). В качестве метода кластеризации использовали UPGMA. Дальнейший анализ выравниваний проводили с использованием программы Unipro UGENE v. 36.0, а моделирование структуры белков — с помощью веб-версии SWISS-MODEL с параметрами по умолчанию. Филогенетические деревья были построены по методу Байеса (Bayes Inference) с помощью программы MrBayes и визуализированы посредством программы FigTree.v1.4.4. При оценке филогенетических реконструкций, полученных с помощью метода Байеса, статистически значимыми считали значения апостериорной вероятности &gt;80 и &gt;90%. Параметры для MrBayes задавали с помощью программы Mesquite, а в качестве эволюционной модели использовали GTR+I+G (General time reversible — GTR), учитывали 6 видов замещения и комбинация модели неизменяющихся сайтов (Proportion of Invariable Sites) с гамма-моделью (+I+G, rates=invgamma). Для конвертации файлов между форматами при осуществлении промежуточных операций использовали программу BioEdit v. 7.2.5.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В результате анализа выявлено, что C-терминальные фрагменты sNXF1 у некоторых представителей отряда Rodentia имеют увеличенную длину. Установлено, что причиной появления этих удлинённых фрагментов во всех случаях выступала делеция цитозина в интроне гена Nxf1. Во всех выявленных случаях, независимо от систематического положения вида, удлинённый фрагмент содержит последовательность из консервативных 13 а. о.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что анализируемый фрагмент последовательности не изменяет конформацию белка sNxf1 в целом. Однако, поскольку исследуемый фрагмент имеет специфический паттерн укладки, он потенциально может повлиять на взаимодействие с белками-партнёрами для образования рибонуклеопротеидных комплексов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Rodentia</kwd><kwd>nucleocytoplasmic transport proteins</kwd><kwd>RNA-binding proteins</kwd><kwd>sequence alignment</kwd><kwd>sequence analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Rodentia</kwd><kwd>белки ядерно-цитоплазматического транспорта</kwd><kwd>РНК-связывающие белки</kwd><kwd>выравнивание последовательностей</kwd><kwd>анализ последовательностей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>124032000041-1</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by Saint Petersburg State University, project code 124032000041-1</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта СПбГУ «Изучение генетических основ внутривидовой изменчивости, надорганизменных взаимодействий и таксономического разнообразия с использованием биоресурсных коллекций» (шифр проекта 124032000041-1)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Herold A, Suyama M, Rodrigues JP, et al. 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