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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">703261</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen703261</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RXJUSA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetically modified organism.history, achievements, social and environmental risks.</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>«ГМО: ИСТОРИЯ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ, СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ»</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Selective activity of american cranberry juice exhibits against SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> in a phenotypic bacterial assay</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Селективная активность сока американской клюквы в отношении основной протеазы SARS-CoV-2 (M<sup>pro</sup>) в фенотипическом бактериальном анализе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-0199</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9610-5674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Issa</surname><given-names>Shaza S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исса</surname><given-names>Шаза Салех</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Shaza.Issa98@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-6665</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3877-6598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>radishlet@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-23"><day>23</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/703261">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/703261</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Breakthroughs SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) remains a central antiviral target due to its essential role in viral replication and high conservation among coronaviruses. Early-stage prioritization of candidate inhibitors, particularly from complex natural matrices, requires functional systems that are experimentally accessible, biosafe, and compatible with crude preparations. We previously developed a bacterial colorimetric reporter assay that couples intracellular M<sup>pro</sup> activity to β-galactosidase output in a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The present study aimed to evaluate juice preparations derived from four closely-related and widely consumed Vaccinium species: northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), swamp cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.), and American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) for the potential to produce a functional inhibitory signal against M<sup>pro</sup> using our previously established assay.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The evaluation was performed using our previously developed bacterial colorimetric reporter assay that couples intracellular M<sup>pro</sup> activity to β-galactosidase output in E. coli.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Under identical experimental conditions, northern highbush blueberry, lingonberry, and swamp cranberry juices did not restore reporter signal at any tested concentration. In contrast, American cranberry juice produced a detectable gain-of-signal response at two lower concentrations, whereas higher concentrations resulted in reporter-specific interference confirmed by internal controls. This pattern suggests the presence of bioactive compounds in cranberry juice that may modulate galactosidase-associated readout at higher concentrations.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Such observations are relevant for future studies aimed at identifying anti-COVID drug candidates and evaluating potential biological effects associated with complex plant-derived preparations. Collectively, these findings prioritize American cranberry as a candidate for further evaluation within defined experimental boundaries.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Основная протеаза SARS-CoV-2 (M<sup>pro</sup>) остаётся одной из ключевых мишеней противовирусной терапии благодаря её важной роли в репликации вируса и высокой консервативности среди коронавирусов. Ранняя приоритизация потенциальных ингибиторов, особенно из сложных природных матриц, требует функциональных экспериментальных систем, которые являются доступными, биобезопасными и совместимыми с грубыми препаратами. Ранее нами был разработан бактериальный колориметрический репортёрный анализ, связывающий внутриклеточную активность M<sup>pro</sup> с выходным сигналом β-галактозидазы в генетически модифицированном штамме Escherichia coli.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценка состава соков, полученных из четырёх близкородственных и широко употребляемых видов рода Vaccinium: голубики высокорослой (V. corymbosum L.), брусники (V. vitis-idaea L.), клюквы болотной (V. oxycoccos L.) и клюквы американской (V. macrocarpon Ait.), на способность вызывать функциональный ингибирующий сигнал в отношении M<sup>pro</sup> с использованием ранее разработанной нами репортерной системы.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Оценка проводилась с использованием нашей разработанной ранее бактериальной колориметрической репортёрной системы, связывающей внутриклеточную активность M<sup>pro</sup> с выходным сигналом β-галактозидазы в клетках E. coli.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При одинаковых экспериментальных условиях соки голубики высокорослой, брусники и клюквы болотной не приводили к восстановлению репортёрного сигнала ни при одной из исследованных концентраций. В то же время сок американской клюквы вызывал детектируемое увеличение сигнала при двух более низких концентрациях, тогда как более высокие концентрации приводили к специфической для репортёра интерференции, подтверждённой внутренними контролем. Данная картина предполагает наличие в соке клюквы биологически активных соединений, способных модифицировать галактозидаза-ассоциированный сигнал при более высоких концентрациях.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные наблюдения представляют интерес для дальнейших исследований, направленных на поиск кандидатов противовирусных препаратов против COVID-19 и оценку возможных биологических эффектов сложных растительных препаратов. В совокупности данные результаты позволяют рассматривать американскую клюкву в качестве кандидата для дальнейшего изучения в рамках обозначенных экспериментальных ограничений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>main protease inhibition</kwd><kwd>Vaccinium</kwd><kwd>northern highbush blueberry</kwd><kwd>lingonberry</kwd><kwd>cranberry</kwd><kwd>E. coli</kwd><kwd>screening assay</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>ингибирование основной протеазы</kwd><kwd>Vaccinium</kwd><kwd>голубика высокорослая</kwd><kwd>брусника</kwd><kwd>клюква</kwd><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd><kwd>скрининговый анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ullrich S, Nitsche C. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease as drug target. 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