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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">707568</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen707568</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetic basis of ecosystems evolution</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетические основы эволюции экосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Adaptive potential of barley for resistance to leaf rust</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Адаптивный потенциал ячменя по устойчивости к карликовой ржавчине</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-7951</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57211915135</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3377-2241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>Renat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаев</surname><given-names>Ренат Абдуллаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>abdullaev.1988@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-2728</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9882-0850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alpatieva</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алпатьева</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>alpatievanatalia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-8860</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">70006092428</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">S-3762-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5000-3256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Science, Leader Researcher, Department of Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел генетики</p></bio><email>irina_anisimova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-0306</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7005353107</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1667-0530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radchеnko</surname><given-names>Eugeny E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радченко</surname><given-names>Евгений Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Main Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, гл. научн. сотр.</p></bio><email>eugene_radchenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «ФИЦ Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-07-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-18"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-29"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/707568">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/707568</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Barley (<italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic> L.) is a grain crop with a vast range and a centuries-old history of cultivation. Numerous harmful organisms are commonly observed in <italic>H. vulgare</italic> fields. One of the most damaging pathogens found in most barley-growing regions is the fungus <italic>Puccinia hordei</italic> G.H. Otth, which causes leaf rust. A review of the state of modern breeding indicates the need to search for and involving new sources of resistance of <italic>H. vulgare</italic> to leaf rust.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study the hereditary diversity of <italic>H. vulgare</italic> genetic resources from different centers of origin and domestication of cultivated plants for resistance to <italic>P. hordei</italic>.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> From 2018 to 2025, resistance to the pathogen was studied in 3,513 barley accessions of various origins (952 from East Asia, 891 – Ethiopia, 318 – North Africa, 157 – the Mediterranean, 319 – Central Asia, 201 – the Caucasus, 205 – North America; 227 landraces and 243 modern European varieties) in northwestern Russia (St. Petersburg). To maximize the spread of the fungus from the adjacent production area, late sowing was carried out in the first ten days of June. Disease epiphytotics were monitored annually: the damage to the susceptible Belogorsky variety ranged from 1 to 3 points. The degree of plant damage was recorded during the periods of heading and milk ripeness of the grain on a scale from 1 (high susceptibility) to 9. The effective <italic>Rph7</italic> gene was identified using polymerase chain reaction.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:</bold> A high level of resistance was noted only in the accessions with the known <italic>Rph7</italic> gene of the Cebada capa variety (к-18687) from the USA and the lines к-30810, к-30811, к-30812 from Ethiopia. Rare pustules were noted on plants of the 24 studied forms: к-7511, к-7516, к-15205, к-19937 (Algeria); к-7513, к-7517, к-7518, к-7521, к-7576, к-13282, к-15202, к-15210, к-15219, к-15227 (Morocco); к-8813, к-8814, к-8828, к-9089, k-9095, к-9096 (Italy); к-9182,к-9186 (Greece); к-20374 (Mongolia); к-21919 (Ethiopia). The research results indicate a low diversity of barley in terms of resistance to leaf rust, only 0.8% of genotypes were unaffected or were weakly affected by the fungal population. The overwhelming majority (78.6%) of accessions resistant to leaf rust originate from the Mediterranean center of crop diversity. Using a molecular marker, the <italic>Rph7</italic> gene, in addition to known carriers, was identified in three moderately resistant genotypes: к-24958 (Orge 618) from Morocco, к-29819 (Tokai Kawa) from Japan, and к-31242 (J B Flavour) from Germany.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> A study of 3,513 barley accessions identified 28 varieties resistant to leaf rust, primarily originating from the Mediterranean gene center. Three genotypes were identified with an effective <italic>Rph7</italic> gene, which controls resistance to <italic>P. hordei</italic>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Ячмень (<italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic> L.) – зерновая культура с обширным ареалом и многовековой историей возделывания. Повсеместно на посевах <italic>H. vulgare</italic> наблюдается развитие многих видов вредных организмов. Одним из наиболее вредоносных патогенов, встречающихся в большинстве регионов выращивания ячменя, является возбудитель карликовой ржавчины – гриб <italic>Puccinia</italic><italic> </italic><italic>hordei</italic> G.H.Otth. Обзор состояния современной селекции указывает на необходимость поиска и привлечения новых источников устойчивости <italic>H. vulgare </italic>к карликовой ржавчине.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования:</bold> Изучить наследственное разнообразие генетических ресурсов ячменя из различных центров происхождения и доместикации культурных растений по устойчивости к <italic>P</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>hordei</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> С 2018 по 2025 гг. на северо-западе России (Санкт-Петербург) изучили устойчивость к патогену 3513 образцов ячменя различного происхождения (952 – из Восточной Азии, 891 – Эфиопии, 318 – Северной Африки, 157 – Средиземноморья, 319 – Центральной Азии, 201 – Закавказья, 205 – Северной Америки, а также 227 стародавних и 243 современных европейских сортов). Для максимального распространения гриба с прилегающего производственного участка проводили поздний, в первой декаде июня, посев. Ежегодно наблюдали эпифитотию заболевания: поражение восприимчивого сорта Белогорский составляло 1–3 балла. Степень поражения растений учитывали в периоды колошения и молочной спелости зерна по шкале от 1 (сильная восприимчивость) до 9. Эффективный ген <italic>Rph7 </italic>идентифицировали с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Высокий уровень резистентности отмечали лишь у образцов, имеющих известный ген <italic>Rph</italic><italic>7 </italic>сорта Cebada capa (к-18687) из США и линий к-30810, к-30811, к-30812 из Эфиопии<italic>.</italic> Редкие пустулы отмечались на растениях 24 изученных форм: к-7511, к-7516, к-15205, к-19937 (Алжир); к-7513, к-7517, к-7518, к-7521, к-7576, к-13282, к-15202, к-15210, к-15219, к-15227 (Марокко); к-8813, к-8814, к-8828, к-9089, к-9095, к-9096 (Италия); к-9182, к-9186 (Греция); к-20374 (Монголия); к-21919 (Эфиопия). Результаты исследований свидетельствуют о невысоком разнообразии ячменя по устойчивости к карликовой ржавчине, лишь 0,8% генотипов не поражались или поражались слабо популяцией гриба. Подавляющее большинство (78,6%) устойчивых к патогену образцов происходит из Средиземноморского центра разнообразия культуры. С помощью молекулярного маркера, помимо известных носителей, у трех умеренно устойчивых генотипов: к-24958 (Orge 618) из Марокко, к-29819 (Tokai Kawa) из Японии и к-31242 (J B Flavour) из Германии идентифицирован ген <italic>Rph</italic><italic>7</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В результате изучения 3513 образцов ячменя выявлено 28 устойчивых к карликовой ржавчине образцов, происходящих преимущественно из Средиземноморского генцентра. Среди 70 характеризующихся различным уровнем устойчивости генотипов у трёх идентифицирован эффективный ген <italic>Rph</italic><italic>7</italic>, контролирующий устойчивость к <italic>P</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>hordei</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Barley, origin, resistance, leaf rust, Rph7 gene</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ячмень, происхождение, устойчивость, карликовая ржавчина, ген Rph7.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the implementation of the Development Program of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources under the agreement with the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 01.04.2026 No. 075-02-2026-1649</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации Программы развития Национального центра генетических ресурсов растений по соглашению с Минобрнауки России от 01.04.2026 г. № 075-02-2026-1649</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	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