Vol 67, No 5 (2018)

This study involved 89 postpartum and 97 nonpregnant women aged 20 to 35 years. The results of the genetic test were compared to bone mineral density (BMD) values. The lowest values of BMD were detected in the puerperas with the BB genotype of the BsmI gene, the tt genotype of the TaqI gene, the aa genotype of the ApaI gene, and the ff genotype of the FokI gene. In all the examined sections of the skeleton, with the combination of the four unfavorable genes, BMD values were the lowest.

Chronic endometritis is the most common endometrial pathology in women with habitual miscarriage. Urogenital infections, persistence of pathogenic and opportunistic flora lead to chronic inflammatory process in the endometrium and secondary immunodeficiency states. In the endometrium, an increased number of NK- (CD16+ and CD56+), В- (CD20+) lymphocytes and cells expressing the late HLA-DR activation marker are determined. These lymphocytes enhance the expression of histocompatibility antigens by endometrial cells and lead to autoimmune inflammation. The imbalance between immune tolerance to the fetus and immune activation to the pathogenic organisms is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. After a course of complex therapy of chronic endometritis, most women with miscarriage can only reduce the severity of the inflammatory process in the endometrium. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of immunomodulatory effects of human immunoglobulin during pregnancy in women with miscarriage. The study included 182 patients with a history of miscarriage and chronic endometritis. Group 1 consisted of 98 women who received an intravenous course of human immunoglobulin at 7/8 weeks of pregnancy. Group 2 comprised 84 pregnant women who did not receive immunoglobulin therapy. An analysis of the results of the course and outcomes of pregnancy showed that administering an intravenous immunoglobulin course to pregnant women with miscarriage and chronic endometritis in the history prior to the first wave of trophoblast invasion helps to reduce the frequency of threatened abortion (54% in group 1 and 95% in group 2, p < 0.001). The data obtained suggest that intravenous immunoglobulin should be recommended for women with habitual miscarriage and chronic endometritis during pregnancy up to 8 weeks.

Hypothesis/aims of study. The adverse effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the female reproductive system have been proved by many studies. There is still conflicting literature on the impact of diabetes and other factor compensation on ovarian function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Study design, materials and methods. The current analysis was undertaken to study the effects of diabetes compensation on ovarian function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In order to this, 180 individuals aged 20 to 40 years were examined. The main group consisted of 112 diabetic patients with primary ovarian insufficiency, the comparison group included 68 women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and a normal ovulatory cycle. After 18–24 months following the therapy aimed to compensate diabetes, 63 patients with ovarian insufficiency were re-examined. The examination included determination of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, total and free testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, as well as ultrasound examination in the first and second phases of the menstrual cycle.

Results. Association of ovarian insufficiency with HbA1c level and the dose of insulin was found. Patients in the main group experienced a decrease in FSH and SHBG levels, an increase in the ovarian volume and the number of antral follicles compared to those in diabetic patients with a normal ovulatory cycle. In patients with decompensated diabetes and ovarian insufficiency, after the compensation of diabetes, the recovery of the ovulatory cycle was observed in 61.8 % of cases.

Conclusion. Ovarian function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus depends on HbA1c level and the dose of insulin. Diabetes compensation in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus contributes to the recovery of ovulation in 61.8 % of cases.

Hypothesis/aims of study. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of therapy with inhaled glucocorticoids on the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and growth-weight parameters of newborns from mothers with asthma of varying severity.

Study design, materials, and methods. 725 women aged 17 to 43 years with bronchial asthma were examined. In the group of patients with bronchial asthma, 352 patients (48.5%) received glucocorticoids or glucocorticoids + β2-long-acting agonists. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were found in 45 (6.2%) examined pregnant women, among them 21 women (46.7%) received inhaled glucocorticoids.

Results. The frequency of detection of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with bronchial asthma, as well as growth-weight parameters of newborns do not differ from the general population.

Amniotic fluid not only provides conditions for normal growth and development of the fetus, but also prevents umbilical cord compression and infection of the uterine cavity due to the existing bacteriostatic effect. In addition, amniotic fluid volume varies in pathological conditions of the fetus and the uteroplacental complex, which can lead to irreversible consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze features of assessing amniotic fluid volume at the present stage of development. In this review article, we analyzed, systematized, and summarized data obtained by foreign and domestic authors from 1980 to 2017. Reliable determination of amniotic fluid volume will optimize the management of pregnant women threatened by risk of perinatal pathology.