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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ophthalmology Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ophthalmology Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Офтальмологические ведомости</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1998-7102</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5423</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12604</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/OV12604</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Stem cell-based technologies in treatment of age-related macular degeneration patients: current state of the problem</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клеточные технологии в лечении пациентов с возрастной макулярной дегенерацией: современное состояние проблемы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6540-3323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gayduk</surname><given-names>Kirill Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайдук</surname><given-names>Кирилл Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>resident, Ophthalmology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>слушатель ординатуры кафедры офтальмологии</p></bio><email>gaidukkukir@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churashov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурашов</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DMedSc, Assistant Professor, Professor, Ophthalmology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p></bio><email>Churashoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>Alexey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DMedSc, Professor, Head of the Department, Ophthalmology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, начальник кафедры офтальмологии</p></bio><email>alexey.kulikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-05-05"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-07-02"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Gayduk K.Y., Churashov S.V., Kulikov A.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Гайдук К.Ю., Чурашов С.В., Куликов А.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gayduk K.Y., Churashov S.V., Kulikov A.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайдук К.Ю., Чурашов С.В., Куликов А.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ov/article/view/12604">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ov/article/view/12604</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common disease of the macula – the area responsible for central vision. With regard to the pathogenesis of AMD, the main focus of most researchers is on the pathological processes occurring in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is considered as the main target of the disease. For the treatment of the “dry” form of the disease, which accounts for about 90% of all AMD cases, up to now no effective treatment methods were elaborated, while in the therapy of the “wet” form, antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, and surgical treatment methods have been used with concrete success. Stem cells, possessing enormous therapeutic potential, are gradually being introduced into medical technologies, including ophthalmology. A number of pre-clinical studies have proven the safety of using cultured cells of the RPE, which gave rise to the beginning of clinical trials of the use of stem cells in the treatment of AMD patients. The review analyzes the data of scientific literature on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD, pathogenetically substantiated therapies, including those using cell-based technologies, prospects and problems of using stem cells in the treatment of AMD patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Возрастная макулярная дегенерация (ВМД) является наиболее часто встречающейся патологией макулы — зоны, ответственной за центральное зрение. Основной фокус большинства исследователей сосредоточен на патологических процессах, протекающих в пигментном эпителии сетчатки, который сегодня считается главной мишенью ВМД. Для лечения «сухой» формы заболевания, на долю которой приходится около 90 % всех случаев ВМД, до сих пор не разработано эффективных методов лечения, в то время как в терапии «влажной» формы с определённым успехом используют антиангиогенную терапию, фотодинамическую терапию, хирургические методы лечения. Стволовые клетки, обладая колоссальным терапевтическим потенциалом, постепенно находят применение в медицинских технологиях, в том числе в офтальмологии. Ряд преклинических исследований доказали безопасность культивированных клеток пигментного эпителия сетчатки, что дало повод к началу клинических испытаний стволовых клеток в лечении пациентов с ВМД. В обзоре проанализированы данные научной литературы по вопросам современных представлений о патогенезе ВМД, патогенетически обоснованных методов лечения, в том числе с помощью клеточных технологий, перспектив и проблем применения стволовых клеток при лечении пациентов с ВМД.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>retinal pigment epithelium</kwd><kwd>stem cells</kwd><kwd>cell-based therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>пигментный эпителий сетчатки</kwd><kwd>стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lim LS, Mitchell P, Seddon JM, et al. Age-related macular degeneration. 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