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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ophthalmology Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ophthalmology Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Офтальмологические ведомости</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1998-7102</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5423</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692462</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/OV692462</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GLZXZG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current aspects of clinical and laboratory diagnosis of chlamydia infection of the posterior eye segment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные аспекты клинико-лабораторной диагностики хламидийного поражения заднего сегмента глаза</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7413-7478</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7589-2512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boiko</surname><given-names>Ernest V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Эрнест Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Saint Petersburg branch; MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербургский филиал Национального медицинского исследовательского центра «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс „Микрохирургия глаза“ им. акад. С.Н. Фёдорова»; д-р мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации</p></bio><email>boiko111@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-8667</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7023-5629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozniak</surname><given-names>Aleksei L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Позняк</surname><given-names>Алексей Леонидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>madlen2465@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-1286</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7503-3253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karev</surname><given-names>Vadim E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карев</surname><given-names>Вадим Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>vadimkarev@yandex.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1976-2206</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6405-1693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmedzhanov</surname><given-names>Timur R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмеджанов</surname><given-names>Тимур Робертович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Saint Petersburg branch</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербургский филиал Национального медицинского исследовательского центра «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс „Микрохирургия глаза“ им. акад. С.Н. Фёдорова»</p></bio><email>taxmedzanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-3796</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7983-7981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorchuk</surname><given-names>Sergei N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорчук</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>sergei_sidorchuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-456X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8027-6060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stakheev</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стахеев</surname><given-names>Антон Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg branch; MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербургский филиал; канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>stakheev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс „Микрохирургия глаза“ им. акад. С.Н. Фёдорова»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Pathological-Anatomical Bureau</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городское патолого-анатомическое бюро</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс „Микрохирургия глаза“ им. акад. С.Н. Фёдорова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-18"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ov/article/view/692462">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ov/article/view/692462</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of chlamydia infection is explained by an increase in the global incidence, which is about 129 million new cases of <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis</italic><italic> </italic>infection in patients aged 15–49 years. There is recent evidence of a significant role of this pathogen in vitreoretinal damage. Chronic infection is latent and can present with chorioretinitis and vitreous dystrophy, with a high pathogen detection rate in subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (50.8%–71.4%), which suggests that this obligate intracellular pathogen is involved in the development and maintenance of inflammation. Chlamydia infection of the posterior segment is clearly substantially challenging to confirm because of the variety of clinical forms, limited symptoms, and technical difficulties of detecting the pathogen in the eye. Therefore, new approaches are needed for reliable clinical and laboratory diagnosis of this infection, which are based on molecular biology, immunofluorescence, culture, and serological test methods. The reliability of the results is determined by the quality of obtaining biological material during vitrectomy (vitreous humor, subretinal fluid), compliance with transport and sample storage conditions, and technical equipment in laboratories. In clinical practice, a set of diagnostic methods, examination of material taken directly from the posterior segment, and interdisciplinary interaction of ophthalmologists with relative specialists are required. Resolution of this challenge will ensure adequate treatment and improve visual prognosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность хламидийной инфекции определяется увеличением частоты заболеваемости в мире: около 129 млн новых случаев заражения <italic>Chlamydia</italic><italic> </italic><italic>trachomatis</italic><italic> </italic>в возрастной группе 15–49 лет. В последнее время появились данные о значительной роли данного патогена в поражении витреоретинальных структур. Хронические формы инфекции протекают латентно и могут проявляться хориоретинитом, дистрофическими изменениями стекловидного тела, при этом выявлена высокая частота обнаружения возбудителя в субретинальной жидкости при регматогенных отслойках сетчатки (50,8–71,4%), что является свидетельством участия данного облигатного внутриклеточного патогена в развитии и поддержании воспалительного процесса. Очевидно, что верификация хламидийной патологии заднего сегмента глаза представляет существенные трудности вследствие разнообразия клинических форм, малосимптомного течения и технической сложности обнаружения возбудителя в глубоких структурах глаза. В связи с этим необходимы новые подходы для надёжной клинико-лабораторной диагностики данной инфекции, которые основываются на применении молекулярно-биологических, иммунофлуоресцентных, культуральных и серологических методов исследования. Достоверность результатов определяется качеством получения биологического материала при проведении витрэктомии (стекловидное тело, субретинальная жидкость), соблюдением условий транспортировки и хранения образцов, технической оснащённостью лабораторий. Клиническая практика требует использования комплекса диагностических методов с обязательным исследованием материала непосредственно из заднего сегмента глаза и междисциплинарного взаимодействия офтальмологов со специалистами смежных профилей. Решение этой сложной проблемы позволит обеспечить адекватное лечение и улучшить зрительный прогноз.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chlamydia infection</kwd><kwd>Chlamydia trachomatis</kwd><kwd>posterior eye segment</kwd><kwd>rhegmatogenous retinal detachment</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>direct immunofluorescence</kwd><kwd>subretinal fluid</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хламидийная инфекция</kwd><kwd>Chlamydia trachomatis</kwd><kwd>задний сегмент глаза</kwd><kwd>регматогенная отслойка сетчатки</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>прямая иммунофлуоресценция</kwd><kwd>субретинальная жидкость</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 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