Modelling of silicone oil emulsification in vitro (review)

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Silicone tamponade is one of the prevailing methods used in the surgical treatment of retinal detachments. However, one of the significant disadvantages of using silicones is their emulsification and the risk of developing associated ophthalmic conditions. In this regard, the question of ways to prevent silicone emulsification remains relevant. Emulsification does not occur in all cases of tamponade, and this indicates that there are factors that could interfere with the development of this process. It is known that emulsification of silicone oil has a multifactorial etiology, and in vitro experimental models are being developed to study these mechanisms in more detail. It is the variety of factors that determine the tendency to emulsify ophthalmic silicone that formed the basis for the creation of these models. Such factors include physicochemical and mechanical effects, saccadic eye movements, adhesion of silicone oil to eye tissues, absorption of biological substances from intraocular fluids and tissues. The development of a variety of in vitro models allows, on the one hand, to obtain new fundamental knowledge, while, on the other hand, it allows us to solve practical issues related to the prevention of silicone emulsification and may provide insight into future strategies for improved intraocular tamponade.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Aleksandr D. Chuprov

S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution

Email: nauka@ofmntk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7011-4220

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, 17 Salmyshskaya st., Orenburg, 460047

Aleksandr S. Firsov

S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution

Email: a.s.firsov93@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5523-7927
SPIN-code: 9278-3867

MD

Russian Federation, 17 Salmyshskaya st., Orenburg, 460047

Olga V. Marshinskaia

S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution

Author for correspondence.
Email: m.olja2013@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5611-5128
SPIN-code: 3285-6597

MD

Russian Federation, 17 Salmyshskaya st., Orenburg, 460047

Tatiana V. Kazakova

S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution

Email: vaisvais13@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3717-4533
SPIN-code: 1283-1267

MD

Russian Federation, 17 Salmyshskaya st., Orenburg, 460047

References

  1. Yablokov MM, Fabrikantov OL, Yablokova NV. Silicone oil tamponade in surgical treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2022;15(4):173–177. EDN: LZEFDQ doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2022-15-4-173-177
  2. Abu-Yaghi NE, Abu Gharbieh YA, Al-Amer AM, et al. Characteristics, fates and complications of long-term silicone oil tamponade after pars plana vitrectomy. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020;20:336. doi: 10.1186/s12886-020-01608-5
  3. Tashmukhamedov AA. Silicone oil: physical properties and clinical use (a literature review). The EYE GLAZ. 2020;22(4):42–49. EDN: TEIZGU doi: 10.33791/2222-4408-2020-4-42-49
  4. Confalonieri F, Josifovska N, Boix-Lemonche G, et al. Vitreous substitutes from bench to the operating room in a translational approach: review and future endeavors in vitreoretinal surgery. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3342. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043342
  5. Coman Cernat CC, Munteanu M, Patoni Popescu SI, et al. Silicone oil complications in vitreoretinal surgery. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2022;66(4):299–303. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2022.55
  6. Valentín-Bravo FJ, García-Onrubia L, Andrés-Iglesias C, et al. Complications associated with the use of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100(4):e864–e880. doi: 10.1111/aos.15055
  7. Miller JB, Papakostas TD, Vavvas DG. Complications of emulsified silicone oil after retinal detachment repair. Semin Ophthalmol. 2014;29(5–6):312–318. doi: 10.3109/08820538.2014.962181
  8. Issa R, Xia T, Zarbin MA, Bhagat N. Silicone oil removal: post-operative complications. Eye (Lond). 2020;34(3):537–543. doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0551-7
  9. Solov’eva EP, Muslimov SA. Silicone oil tamponade as a risk factor of complications. Russian annals of ophthalmology. 2013; 129(3):28–31. EDN: QYLKNZ
  10. Pakravan P, Shaheen A, Patel V, et al. Unexplained vision loss associated with intraocular silicone oil tamponade in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. J Vitreoretin Dis. 2023;7(4):299–304. doi: 10.1177/24741264231161121
  11. Raczyńska D, Mitrosz K, Raczyńska K, Glasner L. The influence of silicone oil on the ganglion cell complex after pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(29):3476–3493. doi: 10.2174/1381612824666180813115438
  12. Latkowska M, Gajdzis M, Kaczmarek R. Emulsification of silicone oils: altering factors and possible complications — a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2024;13(8):2407. doi: 10.3390/jcm13082407
  13. Takhchidy KhP, Metaeva SA, Glinchuk NYa, Gazal NA. Basis of early removal of silicone oil during treatment of hard retinal detachment of different genesis. Vestnik of the Orenburg State University. 2004;(S):60–65. EDN: JVEJPV
  14. Er D, Öner H, Kaya M, Donmez O. Evaluation of the effects of silicone oil on the macula with optical coherence tomography in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2021;51(4):218–224. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.48376
  15. Chen Y, Kearns VR, Zhou L, et al. Silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery: indications, complications, new developments and alternative long-term tamponade agents. Acta Ophthalmol. 2021;99(3):240–250. doi: 10.1111/aos.14604
  16. Romano MR, Ferrara M, Nepita I, et al. Biocompatibility of intraocular liquid tamponade agents: an update. Eye (Lond). 2021;35(10):2699–2713. doi: 10.1038/s41433-021-01596-w
  17. Romano MR, Cuomo F, Massarotti N, et al. Temperature effect on rheological behavior of silicone oils. A model for the viscous heating. J Phys Chem B. 2017;121(29):7048–7054. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03351
  18. Russo A, Morescalchi F, Donati S, et al. Heavy and standard silicone oil: intraocular inflammation. Int Ophthalmol. 2018;38(2): 855–867. doi: 10.1007/s10792-017-0489-3
  19. Francis JH, Latkany PA, Rosenthal JL. Mechanical energy from intraocular instruments cause emulsification of silicone oil. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(6):818–821. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2006.103994
  20. Chan YK, Czanner G, Shum HC, et al. Towards better characterization and quantification of emulsification of silicone oil in vitro. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95(5):e385–e392. doi: 10.1111/aos.13258
  21. Mendichi R, Schieroni AG, Piovani D, et al. Comparative study of chemical composition, molecular and rheological properties of silicone oil medical devices. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2019;8(5):9. doi: 10.1167/tvst.8.5.9
  22. Nayef LM, Khan MF, Brook MA. Low molecular weight silicones particularly facilitate human serum albumin denaturation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2015;128:586–593. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.013
  23. Caramoy A, Kearns VR, Chan YK, et al. Development of emulsification resistant heavier-than-water tamponades using high molecular weight silicone oil polymers. J Biomater Appl. 2015;30(2): 212–220. doi: 10.1177/0885328215575623
  24. Kazimirova EG, Shiryaev VV, Lyskin PV, et al. Silicone oil tamponade hydrostatics and technology for additional mechanical support of retina. Modern technologies in medicine. 2018;10(4):15–23. EDN: MKKOUX doi: 10.17691/stm2018.10.4.02
  25. Isakova K, Pralits JO, Romano MR, et al. Equilibrium shape of the aqueous humor-vitreous substitute interface in vitrectomized eyes. J Model Ophthalmol. 2017;3:31–46. doi: 10.35119/maio.v1i3.36
  26. Isakova K, Pralits JO, Repetto R, Romano MR. A model for the linear stability of the interface between aqueous humor and vitreous substitutes after vitreoretinal surgery. Phys Fluids. 2014;26:124101. doi: 10.1063/1.4902163
  27. Chan YK, Ng CO, Knox PC, et al. Emulsification of silicone oil and eye movements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(13):9721–9727. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-8586
  28. Bonfiglio A, Lagazzo A, Repetto R, Stocchino A. An experimental model of vitreous motion induced by eye rotations. Eye Vis (Lond). 2015;2:10. doi: 10.1186/s40662-015-0020-8
  29. Wang R, Snead M, Alexander P, Wilson ID. Assessing bulk emulsification at the silicone oil — saline solution interface in a 3D model of the eye. Acta Ophthalmol. 2021;99(2):e209–e214. doi: 10.1111/aos.14539
  30. Ghoraba HH, Zaky AG, Abd Al Fatah HM, et al. Sticky silicone oil. Retina. 2017;37(8):1599–1606. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001377
  31. Lu Y, Chan YK, Lau LH, et al. Adhesion of silicone oil and emulsification: an in vitro assessment using a microfluidic device and “Eye-on-a-Chip”. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019;97(3):313–318. doi: 10.1111/aos.13982
  32. Wetterqvist C, Wong D, Williams R, et al. Tamponade efficiency of perfluorohexyloctane and silicone oil solutions in a model eye chamber. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(5):692–696. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2003.024737
  33. Nepita I, Repetto R, Pralits JO, et al. The role of endogenous proteins on the emulsification of silicone oils used in vitreoretinal surgery. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:2915010. doi: 10.1155/2020/2915010
  34. Savion N, Alhalel A, Treister G, Bartov E. Role of blood components in ocular silicone oil emulsification. Studies on an in vitro model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37(13):2694–2699.
  35. Caramoy A, Schröder S, Fauser S, Kirchhof B. In vitro emulsification assessment of new silicone oils. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(4):509–512. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2009.170852
  36. Pichi F, Hay S, Abboud EB. Inner retinal toxicity due to silicone oil: a case series and review of the literature. Int Ophthalmol. 2020;40(9):2413–2422. doi: 10.1007/s10792-020-01418-0
  37. Soós J, Resch MD, Berkó S, et al. Comparison of hydrophilic ophthalmic media on silicone oil emulsification. PLoS One. 2020;15(6): e0235067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235067

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector

License URL: https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77-65574 от 04 мая 2016 г.