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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медико-биологический вестник имени академика И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0204-3475</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2546</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11507</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23888/PAVLOVJ201927193-106</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern position of anticoagulants in acute pulmonary embolism: achievements, limitations, prospects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная позиция антикоагулянтов при острой ТЭЛА: достижения, ограничения, перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9537-1618</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">U-7160-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4980-9875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhovskaya</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тереховская</surname><given-names>Юлия Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident of the Department of Hospital Therapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры госпитальной терапии</p></bio><email>shera_11.11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-5160</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Y-8731-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3971-7108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Okorokov</surname><given-names>Viktor G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Окороков</surname><given-names>Виктор Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии</p></bio><email>shera_11.11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-3173</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">A-8594-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9486-1801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulina</surname><given-names>Natal`ya N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулина</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии</p></bio><email>shera_11.11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ryazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-04-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Terekhovskaya Y.V., Okorokov V.G., Nikulina N.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Тереховская Ю.В., Окороков В.Г., Никулина Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Terekhovskaya Y.V., Okorokov V.G., Nikulina N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тереховская Ю.В., Окороков В.Г., Никулина Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/pavlovj/article/view/11507">https://journals.eco-vector.com/pavlovj/article/view/11507</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke, and one of the leading causes of death in Europe.</p> <p><bold><italic>Aim</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Analysis of the modern scientific base concerning the possibilities and limitations of use of anticoagulant therapy (ACT) at different stages of medical care in PE depending on risk stratification. The article reflects the position of modern Clinical guidelines, the results of recent studies and some controversial and unresolved issues of the ACT for PE.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Currently, a sufficient evidence base has been obtained in favor of the fact that the ACT increases the survival rate of patients with past PE even taking into account an increase in the frequency of hemorrhagic complications; the choice of therapy schemes for PE is based on the stratification of the risk of patients; the schemes of the ACT for the acute period, for the subsequent prevention of relapses of PE are developed, the evidence of the expediency of its further prolongation (a study of rivaroxaban at a dose of 10 mg for prolonged therapy) is obtained. Use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in patients with past PE has a more optimal efficacy/safety profile compared to vitamin K antagonists (VCA). However, not all the issues of the ACT for PE are solved, therefore the prospects for the study and application of the ACT in PE include: reasonability of obtaining substantiated data on use of DOAC after thrombolysis, in patients with reduced renal function, with antiphospholipid syndrome, with neoplastic diseases, and also for determination of exact periods of extended therapy. It is necessary to search for additional prognostic factors for PE, to study and register specific antidotes for DOAC (currently in the Russian Federation a specific antidote to dabigatran – Idarucizumab-registered); to increase the share of DOAC in the ACT as drugs with a proven best profile efficacy/safety compared to VCA.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) – третье по распространенности сердечно-сосудистое заболевание после инфаркта миокарда и инсульта, а также одна из основных причин смертности в Европе.</p> <p><italic><bold>Цель</bold>.</italic> Анализ современной научной базы по возможностям и ограничениям использования антикоагулянтной терапии (АКТ) на различных этапах оказания медицинской помощи при ТЭЛА в зависимости от стратификации риска. В статье отражена позиция современных Клинических рекомендаций, результаты последних исследований и некоторые спорные и нерешенные вопросы АКТ при ТЭЛА.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> В настоящее время получена достаточная доказательная база в пользу того, что АКТ повышает выживаемость пациентов, перенесших ТЭЛА, даже с учетом увеличения частоты геморрагических осложнений; в основе выбора схем терапии ТЭЛА лежит стратификация риска пациентов; разработаны схемы АКТ для острого периода, последующей профилактики рецидивов ТЭЛА, получены доказательства целесообразности ее дальнейшего пролонгирования (изучен ривароксабан в дозе 10 мг); использование прямых оральных антикоагулянтов (ПОАК) у пациентов, перенесших ТЭЛА, имеет более оптимальный профиль эффективность/безопасность по сравнению с антагонистами витамина К (АВК). Однако, не все вопросы АКТ при ТЭЛА решены, поэтому к перспективам изучения и применения АКТ при ТЭЛА можно отнести следующие: целесообразно получение обоснованных данных по использованию ПОАК после проведения тромболизиса, у пациентов со сниженной функцией почек, с антифосфолипидным синдромом, онкологическими заболеваниями, а также для определения четких сроков продленной терапии; необходим поиск дополнительных прогностических факторов при ТЭЛА; изучение и регистрация специфических антидотов для ПОАК (в настоящее время в РФ зарегистрирован специфический антидот к дабигатрану – идаруцизумаб); увеличение в АКТ доли ПОАК как препаратов с доказанным лучшим профилем эффективность/безопасность по сравнению с АВК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary embolism</kwd><kwd>PE</kwd><kwd>anticoagulant therapy</kwd><kwd>vitamin K antagonists</kwd><kwd>direct oral anticoagulant</kwd><kwd>new oral anticoagulant</kwd><kwd>risk stratification</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоэмболия легочной артерии</kwd><kwd>ТЭЛА</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянтная терапия</kwd><kwd>антагонисты витамина К</kwd><kwd>прямой оральный антикоагулянт</kwd><kwd>новый оральный антикоагулянт</kwd><kwd>стратификация риска</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konstantinides S, Torbicki A, Agnelli G, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. 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