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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медико-биологический вестник имени академика И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0204-3475</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2546</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">40423</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284548-566</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Extended therapy and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolic complications</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Продленная терапия и вторичная профилактика венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>静脉血栓栓塞并发症的长期治疗和二级预防</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6501-3289</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4612-6452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery named after Professor I.I. Neymark, Hospital Surgery with a Course of Surgery of Additional Professional Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии имени профессора И.И. Неймарка, госпитальной хирургии с курсом хирургии ДПО</p></bio><email>petricov_alex@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-6775</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5706-3190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prostov</surname><given-names>Igor I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Простов</surname><given-names>Игорь Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Surgery №1, Head of the Vascular Surgery Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры хирургических болезней №1, зав. отделением сосудистой хирургии</p></bio><email>petricov_alex@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Алтайский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>548</fpage><lpage>566</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-23"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-11-02"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, OOO "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">OOO "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/pavlovj/article/view/40423">https://journals.eco-vector.com/pavlovj/article/view/40423</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) are acute and time-limited diseases. However, the recurrence rate after a first episode of VTEC is high and potentially life-threatening. Developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and thromboembolism of pulmonary artery (TEPA) are inevitably associated with use of anticoagulant therapy (ACT). A peculiarity of the modern clinical management of patients with VTEC is determination of duration of ACT.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To study possibilities of prolonged anticoagulation therapy and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolic complications taking into consideration modern variants of drug therapy, on the basis of literature data.</p> <p>Search for literature was conducted in Medline and Elibrary databases including materials published in 2020. Randomized clinical and observational studies and meta-analyses, concerning prolonged therapy and secondary prevention of VTEC with vitamin K antagonists (VKA), peroral anticoagulants (POAC), sulodexide and aspirin, were analyzed. As it is evidenced by patho-physiological and epidemiological data, risk of VTEC recurrence in most patients is not resolved after the first 6 months of treatment with anticoagulants. In such situations it is reasonable to prolong anticoagulation for an indefinite period of time. However, sometimes a limiting factor for prolonged therapy with anticoagulants is bleedings caused by prolonged anticoagulation, sometimes leading to lethal outcome. Therefore, duration of treatment in the long-term period after an acute episode may rest on the balance between the risk of development of recurrence of venous thrombosis and bleeding, evaluated with the help of scales. The main achievement of recent years regarding prolonged therapy and secondary prevention of VTEC, are POAC, which in fact are new and alternative drugs that permitted the emergence of serious evidential basis in the range of means for treatment of this category of patients, sulodexide drug has appeared characterized by the minimal rate of development of large and clinically significant bleedings.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The emergence of serious evidential basis for POAC with improved safety profiles, different pharmacokinetic profiles and dosage regimens, including sulodexide that has been actively used in recent years for secondary prevention of VTEC, will permit clinicians to differentially approach treatment of different clinical variants of venous thrombosis, to improve the results of therapy taking into account evaluation of the individual risk and comorbid diseases, and compliance of patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения (ВТЭО) являются острыми и ограниченными во времени заболеваниями. Однако, частота рецидивов после первого эпизода ВТЭО высока и потенциально опасна для жизни. Развившийся тромбоз глубоких вен (ТГВ) и тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) неизбежно связаны с использованием антикоагулянтной терапии (АКТ). Особенностью современного клинического ведения пациентов с ВТЭО является определение длительности АКТ.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель.</italic></bold> Изучить возможности продленной антикоагулянтной терапии и вторичной профилактики венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений с учетом современных вариантов лекарственной терапии по данным литературы.</p> <p>Поиск литературы проводился в базах Medline и e-library, включая публикации 2020 г. Были проанализированы рандомизированные клинические и обсервационные исследования, метаанализы касающиеся продленной терапии и вторичной профилактики ВТЭО АВК, пероральными антикоагулянтами (ПОАК), сулодексидом и аспирином. Патофизиологические и эпидемиологические данные свидетельствуют о том, что у большинства пациентов риск рецидива ВТЭО не разрешается после первых 6 мес. лечения антикоагулянтами. В таких ситуациях имеет смысл продлить антикоагуляцию на неопределенный период времени. Однако, сдерживающим фактором продленной терапии антикоагулянтами порой являются развивающиеся кровотечения, вызванные длительной антикоагуляцией, иногда приводящие к летальному исходу. Поэтому продолжительность лечения в отдаленном периоде после острого эпизода может основываться на балансе между риском от развития рецидива венозного тромбоза и кровотечения с помощью шкал. Основным достижением последних лет в отношении продленной терапии и вторичной профилактики ВТЭО стали ПОАК, по сути являющиеся новыми и альтернативными препаратами, позволившими серьезным образом эффективно расширить арсенал антитромботических средств. В то же время в последние годы с появлением серьезной доказательной базы в арсенале для лечения этой категории пациентов появился препарат сулодексид, обладающий минимальной частотой развития больших и клинически значимых кровотечений.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Появление серьезной доказательной базы по ПОАК с улучшенными профилями безопасности, различными фармакокинетическими профилями и схемами дозировок, а также сулодексиду, активно применяющемуся в последние годы с целью вторичной профилактики ВТЭО, позволит клиницистам дифференцированно подходить к лечению различных клинических вариантов венозного тромбоза, улучшить результаты терапии с учетом оценки индивидуального риска и сопутствующих заболеваний, учитывать комплаентность и приверженность.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>静脉血栓栓塞并发症（VTEC）是一种急性和时间有限的疾病。然而，VTEC第一次发作后的复发率很高，可能危及生命。深静脉血栓形成（DVT）和肺栓塞（PE）的发生与抗凝治疗（ACT）的应用密切相关。VTEC患者的现代临床管理的一个特点是确定ACT的持续时间。</p> <p><bold><italic>目的：</italic></bold>研究长期抗凝治疗和静脉血栓栓塞并发症二级预防的可能性，根据文献考虑现代药物治疗选择。</p> <p>Medline和e-library 包括2020年出版物）中进行了文献检索 我们分析了随机临床和观察性研究, 与长期治疗和VTEC VKA的二级预防有关的荟萃分析， 口服抗凝剂（POAC），舒洛地昔和阿司匹林。病理生理和流行病学数据表明，经过抗凝治疗的前6个月大多数患者中，复发性VTEC的风险尚未解决。这种情况下，将抗凝药物无限期延长是有意义的。然而，长期抗凝治疗的限制因素有时是由于长期抗凝导致出血，有时导致死亡。因此，急性发作后的长期治疗时间可根据复发性静脉血栓形成和出血风险之间的平衡使用量表。近年来在VTEC的长期治疗和二级预防方面取得的主要成就已成为POAC，POAC本质上是新的和替代性的药物，使抗血栓药物库的显著扩展成为可能。同时近年来，随着一个严肃的证据基础的出现，舒洛地特已经出现在这类患者的治疗库中，其大出血和临床显著出血的发生率最低。</p> <p><bold><italic>结果。</italic></bold>POAC的安全性、各种药代动力学和给药方案以及近年来积极用于VTEC二级预防的舒洛地特的出现，为POAC提供了一个重要的证据基础，这将使临床医生能够对静脉血栓形成的各种临床变异采取不同的治疗方法，改善治疗结果，考虑评估个体风险和共病，考虑依从性和依从性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>venous thromboembolic complications</kwd><kwd>deep vein thrombosis</kwd><kwd>thromboembolism of pulmonary artery</kwd><kwd>extended therapy of venous thrombosis</kwd><kwd>secondary prevention of venous thrombosis</kwd><kwd>secondary prevention of recurrences</kwd><kwd>vitamin K antagonists</kwd><kwd>peroral anticoagulants</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения</kwd><kwd>тромбоз глубоких вен</kwd><kwd>тромбоэмболия легочной артерии</kwd><kwd>продленная терапия венозного тромбоза</kwd><kwd>вторичная профилактика рецидивов</kwd><kwd>антагонисты витамина К</kwd><kwd>пероральные антикоагулянты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>静脉血栓栓塞并发症 深静脉血栓形成</kwd><kwd>肺栓塞 静脉血栓形成的长期治疗</kwd><kwd>二级预防复发</kwd><kwd>维生素K拮抗剂</kwd><kwd>口服抗凝药。</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heit JA. 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