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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатр</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-7850</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10409</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/PED9487-104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">History of surgical treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>История хирургического лечения ожирения и метаболических нарушений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilevsky</surname><given-names>Dmitrij I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василевский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr Med Sci, Associate Professor, Department of Faculty Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, кафедра факультетской хирургии</p></bio><email>vasilevsky1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedletsky</surname><given-names>Yuri I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седлецкий</surname><given-names>Юрий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr Med Sci, Professor, Department of Faculty Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра факультетской хирургии</p></bio><email>Sedletsky-spb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>Kristina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>Кристина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Surgeon of the Surgical Department No 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-хирург, хирургическое отделение № 2</p></bio><email>anisimova-k-a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davletbaeva</surname><given-names>Leysan I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давлетбаева</surname><given-names>Лейсан Индусовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident of the Department of Hospital Surgery No 2 with a Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор, кафедра госпитальной хирургии № 2 с клиникой</p></bio><email>davletbaeva-leysan-i@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-10-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 9, NO4 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 9, №4 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Vasilevsky D.I., Sedletsky Y.I., Anisimova K.A., Davletbaeva L.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Василевский Д.И., Седлецкий Ю.И., Анисимова К.А., Давлетбаева Л.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilevsky D.I., Sedletsky Y.I., Anisimova K.A., Davletbaeva L.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Василевский Д.И., Седлецкий Ю.И., Анисимова К.А., Давлетбаева Л.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/10409">https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/10409</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Surgery of obesity (bariatric surgery) as a separate area of medical science dates back its history from the middle of the previous century. The foundation for its development was based on the ideas of physiology of digestion, the causes and mechanisms of its disturbances that had been formed at that time. An important role was played by achievements in related areas of medicine: anesthesiology, transfusiology. Before that effective antibacterial drugs have already been created. Rich experience in various fields was brought for medicine by the Second World War. The return of society to pre-war cultural values became the impetus for bariatric surgery genesis. For two first decades, the main method of surgical treatment of overweight was shunting operations in the small intestine, aimed at reducing absorption of nutrients (malabsorption techniques). However, a significant number of negative side effects gradually forced to abandon this group of procedures and were the basis for the search for other options in surgical interventions. Since the late 60-es of the 20th century for two decades, methods have been actively developed that limited the flow of nutrients (restrictive approach). The main idea in the development of this group of operations was to reduce the volume of the stomach. At the same time, attempts were made to combine both malabsorptive and restrictive mechanisms in one technique. By the beginning of the 90-es, practically all the available variants of surgical interventions have been proposed and introduced into clinical practice. At the same time, minimally invasive surgical technologies began to be actively introduced into this area of medicine. By the beginning of the 21st century almost all surgical techniques have been adapted to endovideo- (laparoscopic-) surgery. Over the past decade, intraluminal (endoscopic) methods for reducing stomach volume and reducing nutrient absorption have been developed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хирургия ожирения как отдельная область медицинской науки ведет свою историю с середины прошлого века. Фундаментом для ее развития стали сформировавшиеся к этому моменту основные представления о физиологии пищеварения, причинах и механизмах его нарушений. Важную роль сыграли достижения в смежных областях медицины: анестезиологии, трансфузиологии. Были созданы антибактериальные препараты. Богатый опыт в самых разных областях принесла медицине Вторая мировая война. С возвращением общества к довоенным культурным ценностям возникла потребность в развитии данного направления хирургии. В течение двух десятилетий основным способом хирургического лечения избыточной массы тела были шунтирующие операции на тонкой кишке, направленные на снижение абсорбции нутриентов (мальабсорбтивные методики). Однако значительное количество побочных эффектов постепенно заставило отказаться от данной группы процедур и послужило основанием для поиска других вариантов хирургических вмешательств. С конца 60-х гг. ХХ в. и на протяжении последующих двух десятилетий стали активно разрабатываться методики, ограничивающие поступление нутриентов (рестриктивные). Основная идея при разработке данной группы операций заключалась в уменьшении объема желудка. В этот же отрезок времени начали предприниматься попытки объединить мальабсорбтивный и рестриктивный механизмы действия в одной методике. К началу 90-х гг. были предложены и внедрены в клиническую практику почти все применяемые в настоящее время варианты оперативных вмешательств. В этот же период в данной области медицины стали активно внедрять малоинвазивные хирургические технологии. К началу ХХI в. к эндовидеохирургии были адаптированы практически все методики операций при избыточной массе тела. В течение последнего десятилетия были разработаны внутрипросветные (эндоскопические) способы уменьшения объема желудка и снижения абсорбции нутриентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history the bariatric surgery</kwd><kwd>gastric banding</kwd><kwd>endovideo-surgery</kwd><kwd>intragastric balloon</kwd><kwd>malabsorption techniques</kwd><kwd>restrictive surgery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история хирургии ожирения</kwd><kwd>бандажирование желудка</kwd><kwd>эндовидеохирургия</kwd><kwd>внутрижелудочный баллон</kwd><kwd>мальабсорбтивные методы</kwd><kwd>рестриктивные операции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alden JF. Gastric and Jejunoileal Bypass. Arch Surg. 1977;112(7):799. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1977.01370070011001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Alder RL, Terry BE. 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