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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатр</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-7850</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">106299</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/PED1265-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Vitamin D deficiency in young children. The realities of today</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Недостаточность витамина D у детей раннего возраста. Реалии сегодняшнего дня</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Yurii S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Юрий Степанович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры детских болезней</p></bio><email>uriysergeev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arsentev</surname><given-names>Vadim G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арсентьев</surname><given-names>Вадим Геннадиевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Department of Children's Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой детских болезней</p></bio><email>rainman63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalov</surname><given-names>Nikolai P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалов</surname><given-names>Николай Павлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Children's Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры детских болезней</p></bio><email>npshabalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antsiferova</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анциферова</surname><given-names>Елена Спиридоновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior teacher, Department of Children’s Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры детских болезней</p></bio><email>elena.ants3@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Sergeev Y.S., Arsentev V.G., Shabalov N.P., Antsiferova E.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Сергеев Ю.С., Арсентьев В.Г., Шабалов Н.П., Анциферова Е.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022, Sergeev Y., Arsentev V., Shabalov N., Antsiferova E.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeev Y.S., Arsentev V.G., Shabalov N.P., Antsiferova E.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеев Ю.С., Арсентьев В.Г., Шабалов Н.П., Анциферова Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Sergeev Y., Arsentev V., Shabalov N., Antsiferova E.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/106299">https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/106299</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a review of the literature on the clinical aspects of assessing vitamin D deficiency in young children by the concentration of 25(OH)D (hydroxycalciferol) in blood serum. The purpose of the review was to familiarize pediatric specialists with the real state of affairs in assessing the clinical significance of diagnosing vitamin D status, its relationship with the prevention of deficient rickets, ways of correcting and choosing the dose of calciferol. A daily dose of 400 IU of vitamin D for young children is effective and safe in preventing deficient rickets. Higher subsidized doses of calciferol have not been shown to be more effective. In addition, they can potentially lead to toxic levels of vitamin D metabolites in the blood. When using lower daily doses (less than 400 IU), an adequate prophylactic effect may not be achieved. Determination of the level of circulating serum hydroxycalciferol, which characterizes the status of vitamin D in the body, is not recommended for routine examination and as a standard for diagnosing deficient rickets in young children. Calciferol has multilateral effects, modulates not only phosphorus-calcium metabolism, but also affects other systems and functions of the body, in particular, ontogenesis and the immune system. According to foreign literature, all infants should receive vitamin D for the prevention of rickets, treatment from the age of one month. This is most reliably identified for children, probably at risk. Convincing data indicating a positive protective effect on diabetes mellitus D on unforeseen pathology, for example, the frequency of exclusion of pneumonia, infectious diarrhea, atopic dermatitis in infancy, has not yet been obtained.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлен обзор литературы, посвященный клиническим аспектам оценки недостаточности витамина D у детей раннего возраста по концентрации 25(OH)D (гидроксикальциферола) в сыворотке крови. Обзор знакомит специалистов педиатрического профиля с реальным положением вещей в оценке клинической значимости диагностики статуса витамина D, ее связи с проведением профилактики дефицитного рахита, путей коррекции и выбора дозы кальциферола. Для профилактики дефицитного рахита ежедневная доза 400 МЕ витамина D для детей раннего возраста эффективна и безопасна. Более высокие дотационные дозы кальциферола не показали свою высокую эффективность. Кроме того, они потенциально могут привести к токсическому уровню метаболитов витамина D в крови. При использовании более низких суточных доз (менее 400 МЕ) адекватный профилактический эффект может быть не достигнут. Уровень циркулирующего в сыворотке гидроксикальциферола, характеризующего статус витамина D в организме, не рекомендуется определять при рутинном обследовании и в качестве стандарта при диагностике дефицитного рахита у детей раннего возраста. Кальциферол обладает многосторонними эффектами, модулирует не только фосфорно-кальциевый обмен, но влияет и на другие системы и функции организма, в частности онтогенез и иммунную систему. По данным зарубежной литературы, все дети грудного возраста должны получать витамин D для профилактики рахита начиная с месячного возраста. Наиболее надежно это доказано для детей, относящихся к группам риска. Настоятельно рекомендуется универсальная добавка витамина D до 12-месячного возраста детям, находящимся на грудном или смешанном вскармливании. В возрасте старше 12 мес. рекомендовано дополнительное назначение витамина D детям из групп риска.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early age</kwd><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>25(OH)D (hydroxycalciferol)</kwd><kwd>deficiency rickets</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранний возраст</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>25(OH)D (гидроксикальциферол)</kwd><kwd>дефицитный рахит</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arsentev VG, Baranov VS, Shabalov NP. Nasledstvennye narusheniya soedinitel’noi tkani kak konstitutsional’naya osnova poliorgannoi patologii u detei. 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. Saint Petersburg: SpetsLit; 2019. 239 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арсентьев В.Г., Баранов В.С., Шабалов Н.П. 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