Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)Педиатр2079-78502587-6252Eco-Vector10632510.17816/PED12663-76ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleEpidemiological and clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in pediatric patientsЭпидемиологические и клинико-лабораторные особенности COVID-19 у пациентов детского возрастаBelykhNatalya A.БелыхНаталья Анатольевна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med), Professor, Head, Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatric of Postgraduate Education

д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии с курсом педиатрии ФДПО

nbelyh68@mail.ruSolovyovaOlga A.СоловьеваОльга Анатольевна
Russian Federation

Postgraduate Student, Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatric of Postgraduate Education

аспирант кафедры факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии с курсом педиатрии ФДПО

olgasolovejka@yandex.ruAnikeevaNatalya A.АникееваНаталья Александровна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Associate Professor Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatric of Postgraduate Education

канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии с курсом педиатрии ФДПО

natasha782@inbox.ruI.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical UniversityРязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова1804202212663761604202216042022Copyright ©; 2022, Belykh N.A., Solovyova O.A., Anikeeva N.A.Copyright ©; 2022, Белых Н.А., Соловьева О.А., Аникеева Н.А.Copyright ©; 2022, Belykh N., Solovyova O., Anikeeva N.2022Belykh N.A., Solovyova O.A., Anikeeva N.A.Белых Н.А., Соловьева О.А., Аникеева Н.А.Belykh N., Solovyova O., Anikeeva N.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/106325

The article presents up-to-date data on the main pathogenetic mechanisms and features of the new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The review highlights the main epidemiological features of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in children at various age periods, features of the immune response and variants of the course of the disease with lung damage, as well as other organs and systems. The clinical and laboratory features of the course of a new coronavirus infection in children are highlighted. It was found that children are less likely to develop severe COVID-19 than adults. More than 95% of all cases of the disease range from asymptomatic course to clinical manifestations of mild and moderate severity. About 2% of children’s patients need hospitalization, including in the intensive care unit and ventilator. However, extrapulmonary manifestations are registered in children more often than in adults, especially from the gastrointestinal tract and circulatory organs. According to numerous authors, the features of the clinical and laboratory course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients are probably associated with a number of factors, among which age-related features of the immune response, the functioning of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) used by coronaviruses as a cellular receptor are indicated. Understanding the role of the child population in the dynamics of transmission of infection is important, since children significantly affect the rate of infection spread.

В статье представлены современные данные об основных патогенетических механизмах и особенностях новой коронавирусной инфекции, обусловленной вирусом SARS-CoV-2. В обзоре выделены основные эпидемиологические особенности инфицирования SARS-CoV-2 детей в различные возрастные периоды, особенности иммунного ответа и варианты течения заболевания с поражением легких, а также других органов и систем. Освещены клинико-лабораторные особенности течения новой коронавирусной инфекции у детей. Установлено, что у детей реже, чем у взрослых, развивается тяжелое течение COVID-19. Более 95 % всех случаев заболевания варьируют от бессимптомного течения до клинических проявлений легкой и средней степени тяжести. Около 2 % пациентов детского возраста нуждаются в госпитализации, в том числе в отделение интенсивной терапии, и проведении искусственной вентиляции легких. Однако у детей чаще, чем у взрослых, регистрируются внелегочные проявления, особенно со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта и органов кровообращения. По данным многочисленных авторов, особенности клинико-лабораторного течения COVID-19 у пациентов детского возраста, вероятно, связаны с целым рядом факторов, среди которых указаны возрастные особенности иммунного ответа, функционирования ангиотензин-превращающего фермента-2 (АСЕ-2), используемого коронавирусами в качестве клеточного рецептора. Важно понимание роли детской популяции в динамике передачи инфекции, поскольку дети значимо влияют на темпы ее распространения.

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