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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатр</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-7850</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11231</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/PED96101-110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostic evaluation of small-fiber neuropathies in various diseases (review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности диагностики нейропатий малых волокон при различных заболеваниях (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basantsova</surname><given-names>Natalia Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басанцова</surname><given-names>Наталия Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Assistant, Department of Faculty Therapy; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Mosaic of Autoimmunity</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент, кафедра факультетской терапии; мл. научн. сотрудник, лаборатория мозаики аутоиммунитета</p></bio><email>fromrussiawithlove_nb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>Julia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Research Engineer, Laboratory of Mosaic of Autoimmunity</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь, лаборатория мозаики аутоиммунитета</p></bio><email>ulia-zinchenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starshinova</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старшинова</surname><given-names>Анна Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr Med. Sci, leading researcher, Laboratory of Mosaic of Autoimmunity</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория мозаики аутоиммунитета</p></bio><email>starshinova_777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonskiy</surname><given-names>Peter K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>Петр Казимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., Dr Med. Sci, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед.наук, профессор, декан медицинского факультета</p></bio><email>piotr_yablonskii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 9, NO6 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 9, №6 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Basantsova N.Y., Zinchenko J.S., Starshinova A.A., Yablonskiy P.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Басанцова Н.Ю., Зинченко Ю.С., Старшинова А.А., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Basantsova N.Y., Zinchenko J.S., Starshinova A.A., Yablonskiy P.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Басанцова Н.Ю., Зинченко Ю.С., Старшинова А.А., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/11231">https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/11231</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the last three decades with the improvement of the diagnostic methods, it has become possible to evaluate the lesions of the small nerve fibers (types A-delta and C) in the skin. This condition is known as small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) and developing as a result of metabolic, genetic, toxic or immune-mediated factors, including sarcoidosis and several types of mycobacteriosis. Its main manifestations include sensory complaints, such as disorders of pain and temperature sensitivity and autonomic dysregulation of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. The diagnosis of neuropathy of small fibers is established mainly on the patient’s clinical examination and anamnesis data, assessment of symptoms with validated neurological scales and performing a skin biopsy with measuring the density of intraepidermal nerve fibers. It is important to note that damage to fibers A delta and C types is not recorded during routine electroneuromyography, which makes diagnosis difficult. Treatment of this disease is a complex task, that including treatment of underlying disease, using painkillers, such as antidepressants and anticonvulsants of various groups, local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and capsaicin. Studies are being conducted on the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulins and antagonists of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the treatment of this patho­logy. This review presents information on the etiology, clinical and diagnostic aspects and the basics of therapy of SFN, which can improve the quality of medical care and quality of life of patients with sarcoidosis and tuberculosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В последние три десятилетия на фоне совершенствования методов диагностики стала возможной оценка поражения нервных волокон наименьшего диаметра типов А-дельта и С. Данное состояние носит название «нейропатия малых волокон» (НМВ) и развивается в результате действия метаболических, генетических или иммуноопосредованных факторов, в том числе при саркоидозе и некоторых микобактериозах. К основным проявлениям НМВ относят жалобы сенсорного характера, такие как нарушения болевой и температурной чувствительности и вегетативная дерегуляция со стороны сердечно-сосудистой, желудочно-кишечной и мочевыделительной систем. Диагноз нейропатии малых волокон устанавливают преимущественно на основании данных осмотра и сбора анамнеза у пациента, оценки симптомов с применением валидизированных неврологических шкал и проведения биопсии кожи с измерением плотности интраэпидермальных нервных волокон. Важно отметить, что поражение волокон типов А-дельта и С не регистрируется при рутинной электронейромиографии, что затрудняет постановку диагноза. Лечение данного заболевания представляет собой сложную задачу, включая в себя купирование симптомов основного заболевания, применение обезболивающих препаратов, таких как антидепрессанты и антиковульсанты различных групп, местных обезболивающих препаратов, например лидокаина и капсаицина. В настоящее время проводятся исследования эффективности применения внутривенных иммуноглобулинов и антагонистов фактора некроза опухолей альфа в лечении данной патологии. В обзоре представлены сведения по этиологии, клинико-диагностическим аспектам и основам терапии НМВ, что позволит улучшить качество медицинской помощи и качество жизни пациентов с саркоидозом и туберкулезом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small fiber neuropathy</kwd><kwd>neuropathic pain</kwd><kwd>autoimmune diseases</kwd><kwd>sarcoidosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейропатия малых волокон</kwd><kwd>нейропатическая боль</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные заболевания</kwd><kwd>саркоидоз</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом Правительства РФ (договор № 14.W03.31.0009 от 13.02. 2017 г.) о выделении гранта для государственной поддержки научных исследований, проводимых под руководством ведущих ученых.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Белокуров М.А., Старшинова А.А., Журавлев В.Ю., и др. 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