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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrician (St. Petersburg)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатр</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-7850</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6252</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">83062</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/PED12369-83</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lysosomal storage diseases: mucopolysaccharidosis type I and II</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лизосомные болезни накопления: мукополисахаридозы I и II типов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>Victoria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Виктория Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor, Department of Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры общей и молекулярной медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>vngor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buchinskaia</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бучинская</surname><given-names>Наталья Валерьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, pediatrician, geneticist of Consulting department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, педиатр, врач-генетик консультативного отделения</p></bio><email>nbuchinskaia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Medical Diagnostic Center (Genetic Medical Center)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургское государственное казенное учреждение здравоохранения «Диагностический центр (медико-генетический)»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-10-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-12"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-12"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Gorbunova V.N., Buchinskaia N.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Горбунова В.Н., Бучинская Н.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2021, Gorbunova V., Buchinskaia N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunova V.N., Buchinskaia N.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунова В.Н., Бучинская Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Gorbunova V., Buchinskaia N.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/83062">https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/83062</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are a genetically heterogeneous group of rare monogenic metabolic diseases associated with hereditary insufficiency of lysosomal enzymes involved in the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans, or mucopolysaccharides. The pathogenesis of MPS is due to the accumulation of non-cleaved glycosaminoglycans in lysosomes, which can destroy cells. All MPS are characterized by a polysystemic manifestation, the simultaneous involvement of many organs and tissues in the pathological process, first of all, connective tissues, bones and cartilaginous. This review presents the epidemiology, clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics of MPS types I and II, caused by the recessive mutations in the alpha-L-iduronidase and iduronate-2-sulfatase genes, respectively, and by the accumulation of dermatan and heparan sulfate. Each of these diseases is characterized by clinical polymorphism, especially observed in MPS I, which often manifests in a severe form of Hurler syndrome, but can also occur in a milder form of Scheie syndrome. Currently, there is an increased interest in MPS in the world due to the identification of the spectrum and frequencies of mutations in the <italic>IDUA</italic> and <italic>IDS</italic> genes in various populations, including in Russia, and the practical availability of methods for individual molecular diagnostics. The description of the existing experimental models, their role in the study of the biochemical basis of the pathogenesis of these severe hereditary diseases and the development of various therapeutic approaches are given. Discusses the possibility of early diagnosis of MPS I and II types based on neonatal screening in order to increase the effectiveness of their prevention and treatment, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the main approaches to the treatment of these serious diseases, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement and substrate-reducing therapy. A clinical example of a combination therapy for a severe form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I – Hurler syndrome is presented</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Мукополисахаридозы (МПС) — это генетически гетерогенная группа редких моногенных болезней обмена, связанных с наследственной недостаточностью лизосомных ферментов, участвующих в катаболизме гликозаминогликанов, или мукополисахаридов. Патогенез МПС обусловлен накоплением в лизосомах нерасщепленных гликозаминогликанов, представляющих угрозу для клеток. Для всех МПС характерна полисистемность поражения, одновременное вовлечение в патологический процесс многих органов и тканей, прежде всего, соединительной, костной и хрящевой. В данном обзоре представлены эпидемиология, клиническая, биохимическая и молекулярно-генетическая характеристика МПС типов I и II, обусловленных присутствием рецессивных мутаций в генах альфа-L-идуронидазы и идуронат-2-сульфатазы соответственно, и накоплением дерматан- и гепарансульфата. Для каждого из этих заболеваний характерен клинический полиморфизм, особенно выраженный при МПС I типа, который чаще проявляется в тяжелой форме синдрома Гурлера, но может протекать и в более легкой форме синдрома Шейе. В настоящее время в мире наблюдается повышенный интерес к МПС в связи с идентификацией спектра и частот мутаций в генах <italic>IDUA</italic> и <italic>IDS</italic> в различных популяциях, в том числе и в России, и практической доступностью методов индивидуальной молекулярной диагностики. Дано описание существующих экспериментальных моделей, их роли в изучении биохимических основ патогенеза этих тяжелых наследственных заболеваний и разработке различных терапевтических подходов. В первую очередь обсуждается возможность ранней диагностики МПС типов I и II на базе неонатального скрининга с целью повышения эффективности их профилактики и лечения, во вторую — преимущества и недостатки основных подходов к терапии этих тяжелых заболеваний, таких как трансплантация костного мозга и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, ферментная заместительная и субстрат-редуцирующая терапия. Представлен клинический пример комбинированной терапии тяжелой формы мукополисахаридоза типа I — синдрома Гурлера.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>lysosomal storage disorders</kwd><kwd>mucopolysaccharidosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>лизосомные болезни накопления</kwd><kwd>мукополисахаридозы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бучинская Н.В., Преснова Е.В., Дубко М.Ф., и др. 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