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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ортопедия, травматология и восстановительная хирургия детского возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-3994</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2410-8731</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">623726</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/PTORS623726</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Improving surgical treatment of patients with patellar instability</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Совершенствование хирургического лечения пациентов с нестабильностью надколенника</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-3316</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5174-4433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khominets</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоминец</surname><given-names>Владимир Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>khominets_62@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3100-0321</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1625-0543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konokotin</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конокотин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, captain of the medical service</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>капитан мед. службы</p></bio><email>konokotin.dmitry@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9953-9385</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3639-4352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>Alexey O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>Алексей Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>alexfedot83@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-9066</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1122-8388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grankin</surname><given-names>Aleksey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гранкин</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>aleksey-grankin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8878-0145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyev</surname><given-names>Alexandr S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cadet</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>курсант</p></bio><email>aleks.vorobev2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-22"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/623726">https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/623726</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The high frequency and recurrence of chronic patellar instability and the lack of unified treatment techniques indicate the need for a comprehensive individualized approach in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patellar instability.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To develop an algorithm and compare the anatomical and functional results of its use with those of traditional surgical treatment of patients with patellar instability.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The functional results of the treatment of 194 patients with patellar instability were compared. Two groups of patients were formed. The surgical treatment techniques of the main group (<italic>n</italic> = 93) were based on the results of the preoperative examination, considering risk factors of instability development, established as a result of retrospective analysis of the control group (<italic>n</italic> = 101). The effectiveness of the algorithm was compared with the techniques of patellar stabilization used from 2010 to 2015. The Kujala, IKDC 2000, and Lysholm scales were used to assess the functional results of treatment.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Surgical treatment of instability aims to eliminate risk factors such as anomalies of the extensor apparatus of the knee joint and to repair or reconstruct damaged structures. Plasty of the medial patellofemoral ligament is the method of choice for patellar stabilization. In the case of dysplastic changes in the patellofemoral joint, combinations of proximal and distal knee joint surgeries were performed. Rotational lower-limb deformities were treated by corrective derotational osteotomy of the femur. Trochleoplasty was performed in cases of type B or D femoral block dysplasia. Patients with stiff lateral patellar retention underwent lateral release or extension tenotomy. In both groups, the functional status of the patients significantly (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.05) improved 12 months postoperatively. The mean values of the functional scales increased because of the increased number of patients with excellent and good scores in the group. Higher values were recorded in the main group (Kujala, <italic>p</italic> = 0.038; IKDC 2000, <italic>p</italic> = 0.021; Lysholm, <italic>p</italic> = 0.032). Patellar dislocation recurred in 2 (1.9%) patients in the control group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.172).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> The proposed algorithm helped verify the degree, type, and etiology of patellar instability and helped obtain better anatomofunctional treatment results in patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Высокая частота рецидивов и хронической нестабильности надколенника, отсутствие единой тактики лечения указывают на необходимость комплексного индивидуального подхода в диагностике и хирургическом лечении рассматриваемой патологии.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— разработать алгоритм и сравнить анатомо-функциональные результаты его применения с традиционной тактикой хирургического лечения пациентов с нестабильностью надколенника.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено сравнение функциональных результатов лечения 194 пациентов с нестабильностью надколенника. Сформированы две группы. Тактика хирургического лечения основной группы (<italic>n</italic> = 93) основывалась на результатах предоперационного обследования, учитывающего факторы риска развития нестабильности, установленные в результате ретроспективного анализа контрольной группы (<italic>n</italic> = 101). Эффективность алгоритма сравнивали с эффективностью методик стабилизации надколенника, применявшихся с 2010 по 2015 г. Для оценки функциональных результатов лечения пациентов использовали шкалы Kujala, IKDC 2000 и Lysholm.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Основу хирургического лечения нестабильности составляет устранение предрасполагающих факторов в виде аномалий развития разгибательного аппарата коленного сустава и восстановление или реконструкция поврежденных структур. Пластика медиальной надколеннико-бедренной связки — метод выбора при стабилизации надколенника. При диспластических изменениях в бедренно-надколенниковом сочленении прибегали к комбинации операций на проксимальном и дистальном отделах коленного сустава. Ротационные деформации нижней конечности устраняли путем корригирующей деротационной остеотомии бедренной кости. Трохлеопластику выполняли при дисплазии блока бедренной кости типа B или D. При ригидном латеральном удерживателе надколенника проводили его латеральный релиз или удлиняющую тенотомию.</p> <p>Функциональное состояние пациентов значимо (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0,05) улучшилось через 12 мес. после операции в обеих группах. Средние значения функциональных шкал возросли за счет увеличения отличных и хороших результатов в основной группе. Более высокие значения зафиксированы в основной группе (<italic>p </italic>= 0,038 по Kujala, <italic>p</italic> = 0,021 по IKDC 2000, <italic>p </italic>= 0,032 по Lysholm). Рецидив вывиха надколенника произошел только у 2 (1,9 %) пациентов контрольной группы (<italic>p</italic> = 0,172).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Предложенный алгоритм обеспечивает верификацию степени, вида, этиологии нестабильности надколенника и помогает получить лучшие анатомо-функциональные результаты лечения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knee joint</kwd><kwd>patellar instability</kwd><kwd>medial patellofemoral ligament plastic surgery</kwd><kwd>femoral trochlear dysplasia</kwd><kwd>trochleoplasty</kwd><kwd>osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коленный сустав</kwd><kwd>нестабильность надколенника</kwd><kwd>пластика медиальной надколеннико-бедренной связки</kwd><kwd>дисплазия блока бедренной кости</kwd><kwd>трохлеопластика</kwd><kwd>остеотомия бугристости большеберцовой кости</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hurley E, Colasanti C, Anil U, et al. 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