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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ортопедия, травматология и восстановительная хирургия детского возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-3994</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2410-8731</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635368</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/PTORS635368</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MPTCHZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostic value of synovial calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in differential diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and pigmented villonodular synovitis in children: preliminary results of a single-center study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Информативность определения содержания кальпротектина в синовиальной жидкости (S100A8/A9) при дифференциальной диагностике ювенильного идиопатического артрита и пигментного виллонодулярного синовита у детей (предварительные результаты моноцентрового исследования)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>儿童幼年特发性关节炎与色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎的鉴别诊断中滑液钙卫蛋白（S100A8/A9）含量检测的诊断价值 （单中心研究初步结果）</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0509-6198</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1230-6803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikov</surname><given-names>Aleksey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевников</surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kozhevnikov</surname><given-names>Aleksey N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>Infant_doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-5281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Derkach</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деркач</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Derkach</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>serodedenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9820-6563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Porohova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порохова</surname><given-names>Александра Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Porohova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>sasha.porokhova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-7032</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3684-5167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянов</surname><given-names>Сергей Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Lukyanov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>sergey.lukyanov95@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-21"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/635368">https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/635368</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease in children. Its most prevalent clinical subtype is oligoarthritis. Pigmented villonodular synovitis, also known as tenosynovial giant cell tumor, is a rare benign synovial disorder, which may clinically resemble oligoarthritis. Differential diagnosis between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and pigmented villonodular synovitis is challenging. Intra-articular steroids used in juvenile idiopathic arthritis therapy may induce negative effects in patients with pigmented villonodular synovitis. Orthopedic and surgical procedures used to rule out pigmented villonodular synovitis are burdensome for children. Magnetic resonance imaging may yield similar findings for both conditions at early stages. Several studies revealed that serum calprotectin is a promising biomarker for juvenile idiopathic arthritis.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To assess synovial fluid calprotectin concentrations in children with oligoarthritis and pigmented villonodular synovitis.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold>: The synovial fluid concentrations of calprotectin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in 42 children with oligoarthritis and 12 children with diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee joint were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cytokine levels were determined at disease onset, and prior to therapeutic and diagnostic arthroscopy in those with pigmented villonodular synovitis.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: Synovial calprotectin significantly increased in children with oligoarthritis (108 [28.2; 237] μg/mL) compared to those with pigmented villonodular synovitis (1.53 [1.26; 1.69] μg/mL; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in synovial tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations between patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and those with pigmented villonodular synovitis. ROC analysis showed a synovial calprotectin threshold of &gt;2.9 μg/mL for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (AUC = 0.996 ± 0.00479; 95% CI: 0.926–1.000).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: In children, the differential diagnosis of oligoarthritis is often complicated by clinically similar nonrheumatic joint disorders. The main synovial proinflammatory markers cannot be used for the differential diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and pigmented villonodular synovitis. Synovial calprotectin concentration is a promising biomarker of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Ювенильный идиопатический артрит — наиболее частое хроническое воспалительное заболевание костно-суставной системы у детей. Олигоартрит — самый частый клинический субтип ювенильного идиопатического артрита. Пигментный виллонодулярный синовит — это редкое доброкачественное заболевание синовиальной оболочки группы теносиновиальных гигантоклеточных опухолей, которое может напоминать течение олигоартрита. Дифференциальная диагностика ювенильного идиопатического артрита и пигментного виллонодулярного синовита часто сопряжена с трудностями. Внутрисуставные стероиды, применяемые при ювенильном идиопатическом артрите, могут негативно влиять на пигментный виллонодулярный синовит. Ортопедо-хирургические манипуляции, используемые для исключения пигментного виллонодулярного синовита, часто обременительны для детей. Картина этих двух патологий при магнитно-резонансном исследовании на начальных стадиях нередко идентична. В ряде исследований продемонстрировано значение сывороточного кальпротектина в качестве многообещающего специфического биомаркера ювенильного идиопатического артрита.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — изучить концентрации кальпротектина в синовиальной жидкости у пациентов с олигоартритом и пигментным виллонодулярным синовитом.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold><italic>.</italic> Методом иммуноферментного анализа в синовиальной жидкости была исследована концентрация кальпротектина, интерлейкина-6 и фактор некроза опухоли альфа у 42 детей с олигоартритом и 12 детей с диффузной формой пигментного виллонодулярного синовита коленного сустава. Концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов у всех детей с ювенильным идиопатическим артритом определяли на момент дебюта заболевания, у детей с пигментным виллонодулярным синовитом — перед лечебно-диагностической артроскопией.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold><italic>.</italic> Выявлено достоверное многократное увеличение уровня кальпротектина в синовиальной жидкости у детей с олигоартритом — 108 [28,2; 237] мкг/мл, по сравнению с детьми с пигментным виллонодулярным синовитом — 1,53 [1,26; 1,69] мкг/мл (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001). Статистически значимых различий в концентрации фактора некроза опухоли альфа и интерлейкина-6 в синовиальной жидкости у пациентов с ювенильным идиопатическим артритом и пигментным виллонодулярным синовитом не обнаружено. В результате ROC-анализа получено пороговое значение для ювенильного идиопатического артрита — концентрация кальпротектина в синовиальной жидкости более 2,9 мкг/мл (AUC 0,996±0,00479; 95% ДИ 0,926–1,000).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold><italic>.</italic> Диагностика олигоартрита у детей нередко сопряжена с некоторыми трудностями, что связано с наличием клинически похожих неревматических заболеваний суставов у детей. Основные провоспалительные маркеры, определяемые в синовиальной жидкости, не могут быть учтены при дифференциальной диагностике ювенильного идиопатического артрита и пигментного виллонодулярного синовита. Количественное значение кальпротектина в синовиальной жидкости может быть одним из биомаркеров, указывающих на ювенильный идиопатический артрит.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。幼年特发性关节炎是儿童最常见的慢性骨关节系统炎症性疾病，其中以寡关节型最常见。 色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎是一种少见的良性滑膜疾病，属于腱鞘巨细胞瘤类，可能表现为类似寡关节型幼年特发性关节炎的临床过程。幼年特发性关节炎与色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎的鉴别诊断常常存在困难。应用于幼年特发性关节炎的关节腔内激素可能对色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎产生不良影响。 为排除色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎而进行的骨科手术常对儿童带来较大负担。在疾病早期阶段，两种疾病在磁共振成像中的表现往往相似。部分研究显示，血清钙卫蛋白是幼年特发性关节炎的一个有前景的特异性生物标志物。</p> <p>目的：研究寡关节型幼年特发性关节炎与色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者滑液中钙卫蛋白浓度。</p> <p>材料与方法。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测42例寡关节型幼年特发性关节炎儿童和12例膝关节弥漫型色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎儿童滑液中的钙卫蛋白、白介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子α浓度。所有幼年特发性关节炎儿童在疾病首次发作时采集滑液，色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎儿童在治疗性诊断关节镜检查前采集滑液。</p> <p>结果。研究发现，寡关节型幼年特发性关节炎儿童滑液中钙卫蛋白浓度显著多倍升高， 为108 [28.2；237] μg/mL，明显高于色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎儿童的1.53 [1.26；1.69] μg/mL （p&lt;0.001）。在患有幼年特发性关节炎和色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎的患者滑液中，肿瘤坏死因子α和白介素-6 的浓度无统计学显著差异。ROC分析结果显示，滑液钙卫蛋白浓度高于2.9 μg/mL时提示幼年特发性关节炎（AUC 0.996±0.00479；95%可信区间0.926–1.000）。</p> <p>结论。儿童寡关节型幼年特发性关节炎的诊断常因存在临床表现相似的非风湿性关节疾病而面临一定困难。滑液常规检测的主要炎症标志物在幼年特发性关节炎与色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎的鉴别诊断中无明显价值。滑液钙卫蛋白的定量指标可能成为指示幼年特发性关节炎的生物标志物之一。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>juvenile idiopathic arthritis</kwd><kwd>oligoarthritis</kwd><kwd>pigmented villonodular synovitis</kwd><kwd>synovial calprotectin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ювенильный идиопатический артрит</kwd><kwd>олигоартрит</kwd><kwd>пигментный виллонодулярный синовит</kwd><kwd>показатель кальпротектина в синовиальной жидкости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>幼年特发性关节炎</kwd><kwd>寡关节型</kwd><kwd>色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎</kwd><kwd>滑液钙卫蛋白</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ravelli A, Martini A. 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