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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ортопедия, травматология и восстановительная хирургия детского возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-3994</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2410-8731</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">636350</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/PTORS636350</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UKWGRG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Scientific reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Role of genetic determinants in the development of congenital scoliosis: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль генетической детерминанты в развитии врожденного сколиоза. Обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>先天性脊柱侧凸发生中的遗传决定因素作用。文献综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-5048</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7125-4930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vissarionov</surname><given-names>Sergei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виссарионов</surname><given-names>Сергей Валентинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vissarionov</surname><given-names>Sergei V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS</p></bio><email>vissarionovs@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5665-3009</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2484-9463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pershina</surname><given-names>Polina А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Першина</surname><given-names>Полина Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pershina</surname><given-names>Polina А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, PhD student</p></bio><email>polinaiva2772@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-8739</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2143-7822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalchitsky</surname><given-names>Sergey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хальчицкий</surname><given-names>Сергей Егорович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khalchitsky</surname><given-names>Sergey E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>s_khalchitski@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-2402</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57191618743</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3336-8996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Asadulaev</surname><given-names>Marat S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асадулаев</surname><given-names>Марат Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Asadulaev</surname><given-names>Marat S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>marat.asadulaev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/636350">https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/636350</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: <italic>Congenital scoliosis</italic> is a multifactorial disorder resulting from disturbances during vertebral embryogenesis. Defects occurring at any stage of fetal development may lead to congenital scoliosis and progressive spinal deformity. Recent studies highlighted genetic factors as crucial determinants of the development of this condition.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To review the sources on the genetic basis of congenital scoliosis, focusing on molecular regulatory mechanisms, mutation frequencies, and the contribution of specific genes.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold>: Sources were retrieved using keyword searches in <italic>PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lens.org,</italic> and <italic>eLibrary</italic> over the past 25 years. The inclusion criteria were full-text availability, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort studies of patients with congenital scoliosis, experimental animal models, and case–control studies. The exclusion criteria included lack of full-text access, patents, utility models, and studies without clinical data. Finally, 54 publications were selected for detailed analysis.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: The identified genes were categorized into four: susceptibility genes (<italic>LMX1A, PTK7, SOX9, TBX6,</italic> and <italic>TBXT</italic>); genes wherein mutations directly cause syndromes or monogenic disorders associated with scoliosis (<italic>FBN1</italic>); genes with copy number variations (<italic>DHX40, DSCAM, MYSM1,</italic> and <italic>NOTCH2</italic>); and genes showing abnormal methylation in patients with scoliosis (<italic>COL5A1, GRID1, GSE1, RGS3, SORCS2, IGH1, IGH3, IGHM, KAT6B,</italic> and <italic>TNS3</italic>).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: Analysis of scientific sources revealed the presence of predisposing genetic factors associated with the development of congenital scoliosis in its various phenotypic forms. Data from large-scale studies clarified the etiological factors and were beneficial for predicting the course of congenital scoliosis, and findings from studies with smaller samples may help define future directions for identifying genetic determinants of this disorder.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold><italic>.</italic> Врожденный сколиоз — сложное мультифакторное заболевание, которое возникает в результате нарушений в период эмбриогенеза позвоночного столба. Нарушения на любом из этапов эмбрионального развития плода могут привести к врожденному сколиозу и, как результат, прогрессирующей деформации позвоночника. Последние исследования все чаще указывают на генетические факторы как важные детерминанты развития этой патологии.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — анализ литературных данных о генетической природе врожденного сколиоза, молекулярных механизмах регуляции, их частоте, мутационных изменениях и вкладе конкретных генов.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold><italic>.</italic> Данные литературы получены в результате поиска по ключевым словам в базах данных: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Lens.org, eLibrary, глубина поиска составила 25 лет. Критериями включения выступали: наличие полнотекстового источника, метаанализы данных, систематические обзоры, когортные исследования пациентов с врожденным сколиозом, модели экспериментальных животных, исследования с дизайном случай–контроль. Критерии исключения: отсутствие полнотекстового источника, патенты, полезные модели, исследования без представления клинических данных. В соответствии с этими критериями отобрано 54 публикации для подробного анализа.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold><italic>.</italic> По результатам анализа литературы гены были разделены на 4 категории: гены предрасположенности (<italic>LMX1A, PTK7, SOX9, TBX6, TBXT</italic>); гены, мутации в которых служат прямой причиной синдромов или моногенных болезней, сопровождающихся сколиозом (<italic>FBN1</italic>); гены с вариацией числа копий (<italic>DHX40, DSCAM, MYSM1, NOTCH2</italic>); гены с аномальным метилированием у пациентов со сколиозом (<italic>COL5A1, GRID1, GSE1, RGS3, SORCS2, IGH1, IGH3, IGHM, KAT6B, TNS3</italic>).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold><italic>.</italic> Анализ научных работ свидетельствует о наличии предрасполагающих генетических факторов, связанных с развитием врожденного сколиоза в различных его фенотипических проявлениях. Данные крупномасштабных исследований позволяют уточнить этиологические причины и расширить возможности прогнозирования характера течения врожденного сколиоза. При этом данные малых выборок могут определить дальнейшие перспективы поиска генетических детерминант развития патологии.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。先天性脊柱侧凸是一种复杂的多因素疾病，由于胚胎发育期间脊柱形成过程的异常所致。胚胎发育任何阶段出现障碍均可能导致先天性脊柱侧凸，进而引发脊柱进行性畸形。最近研究越来越多指出，遗传因素是该病发展的重要决定因素。</p> <p>目的。分析文献数据，探讨先天性脊柱侧凸的遗传基础、分子调控机制、其发生频率、突变改变及特定基因的作用。</p> <p>材料与方法。通过在PubMed、Google Scholar、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、 Lens.org、eLibrary数据库，以关键词进行文献检索，检索范围覆盖近25年。纳入标准包括：全文来源、荟萃分析、系统综述、先天性脊柱侧凸患者的队列研究、动物实验模型、病例-对照研究。排除标准包括：无全文、专利、实用新型、无临床数据支持的研究。根据上述标准，共筛选出54篇文献进行详细分析。</p> <p>结果。根据文献分析，相关基因分为4类：易感基因（LMX1A、PTK7、SOX9、TBX6、TBXT）；突变可直接导致伴发脊柱侧凸的综合征或单基因疾病的基因（FBN1）；拷贝数变异基因（DHX40、DSCAM、MYSM1、 NOTCH2）；在脊柱侧凸患者中出现异常甲基化的基因（COL5A1、GRID1、GSE1、RGS3、SORCS2、IGH1、 IGH3、IGHM、KAT6B、TNS3）。</p> <p>结论。科学文献分析显示，存在与先天性脊柱侧凸发生及其不同表型表现相关的遗传易感因素。 大规模研究数据有助于进一步厘清病因，拓展对先天性脊柱侧凸病程的预测能力。同时，小样本研究可能为进一步寻找该疾病的遗传决定因素提供研究前景。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal malformation</kwd><kwd>congenital scoliosis</kwd><kwd>signaling pathways</kwd><kwd>candidate genes</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>differentially methylated regions</kwd><kwd>copy number variations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>порок развития позвоночника</kwd><kwd>врожденный сколиоз</kwd><kwd>сигнальные пути</kwd><kwd>гены-кандидаты</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>дифференциально метилированные регионы</kwd><kwd>вариации числа копий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>脊柱发育畸形</kwd><kwd>先天性脊柱侧凸</kwd><kwd>信号通路</kwd><kwd>候选基因</kwd><kwd>多态性</kwd><kwd>差异甲基化区</kwd><kwd>拷贝数变异</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>McMaster MJ, Ohtsuka K. 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