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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ортопедия, травматология и восстановительная хирургия детского возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-3994</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2410-8731</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646353</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/PTORS646353</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FVENEK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>New technologies in trauma and orthopedic surgery</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Новые технологии в травматологии и ортопедии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Patient-specific 3D template with radiopaque markers for pediatric pedicle screw fixation: comparison with freehand technique</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Индивидуальный 3D-шаблон с рентгеноконтрастными метками для транспедикулярной фиксации у детей в сравнении с методом «свободной руки»</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>儿童个体化带X线显影标记的3D模板在经椎弓根固定中的应用与“徒手法”的比较</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-9726</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1797-5031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toria</surname><given-names>Vakhtang G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тория</surname><given-names>Вахтанг Гамлетович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Toria</surname><given-names>Vakhtang G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>vakdiss@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-5048</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7125-4930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vissarionov</surname><given-names>Sergei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виссарионов</surname><given-names>Сергей Валентинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vissarionov</surname><given-names>Sergei V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS</p></bio><email>vissarionovs@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3937-3621</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5825-3395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubanov</surname><given-names>Ramil R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубанов</surname><given-names>Рамиль Рашидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kubanov</surname><given-names>Ramil R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>Kubrrash@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/646353">https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/646353</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Accuracy and precision are crucial in pedicle screw implantation in children with congenital spinal deformities combined with thoracic cage anomalies. The use of patient-specific navigation templates supplemented with radiopaque markers significantly improves screw positioning accuracy and reduces the risk of complications.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel patient-specific surgical template with radiopaque markers and accuracy of pedicle screw placement in children with congenital spinal deformities combined with thoracic cage anomalies, compared with the freehand technique.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold>: The study included 26 patients (aged 4–9 years) who underwent surgery at a specialized center. The patients were grouped into two: group 1 (<italic>n</italic> = 13) underwent screw placement using the new template with radiopaque markers and group 2 (<italic>n</italic> = 13) underwent screw placement using the freehand technique. Screw placement accuracy was evaluated using the Gertzbein scale based on postoperative radiographs and computed tomography. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s <italic>t</italic>-test, with <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05 indicating significance.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: In the navigation template group, 100% of screws were placed correctly (grade 0). In the freehand group, 80.5% of screws were correctly positioned; 16.9% showed deviations up to 2 mm (grade 1), and 2.6% showed deviations &gt;2 mm (grade 2). The use of the navigation template significantly reduced the time required for bone canal preparation compared with the freehand method.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: Navigation templates with radiopaque markers demonstrate high accuracy and correctness in pedicle screw placement in children with congenital spinal deformities, reducing malposition risk and shortening operative time. Their widespread implementation may enhance the safety and effectiveness of surgical treatment in this patient population.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold><italic>.</italic> Имплантация транспедикулярных винтов при врожденных деформациях позвоночника в сочетании с аномалией развития грудной клетки у детей требует особой точности и корректности установки. Применение индивидуальных навигационных шаблонов, дополненных рентгеноконтрастными метками, позволяет значительно повысить точность позиционирования винтов и уменьшить риск осложнений.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — проанализировать эффективность нового вида индивидуального хирургического шаблона с рентгеноконтрастными метками и корректность установки транспедикулярных винтов металлоконструкции у детей с врожденной деформацией позвоночника в сочетании с аномалией развития грудной клетки в сравнении с методом «свободной руки».</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold><italic>.</italic> В исследование включены 26 пациентов (возраст от 4 до 9 лет), оперированных в специализированном центре. Все пациенты были разделены на две группы: в первой группе (<italic>n</italic>=13) при установке винтов использовали новый шаблон с рентгеноконтрастными метками, во второй группе (<italic>n</italic>=13) — метод «свободной руки». Корректность положения винтов оценивали по шкале Gertzbein на основании данных послеоперационной рентгенографии и компьютерной томографии. Для статистического анализа использовали <italic>t</italic>-тест Стьюдента при <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold><italic>.</italic> В группе с применением навигационного шаблона 100% винтов были расположены корректно (Grade 0). В группе «свободной руки» доля корректно установленных винтов составила 80,5%, в 16,9% наблюдений отмечено отклонение траектории установленного винта до 2 мм (Grade 1), а в 2,6% — свыше 2 мм (Grade 2). Кроме того, при формировании костного канала с помощью шаблона-направителя было затрачено статистически значимо меньше времени по сравнению с методом «свободной руки».</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold><italic>.</italic> Навигационные шаблоны с рентгеноконтрастными метками демонстрируют высокую точность и корректность при установке транспедикулярных винтов у детей с врожденными деформациями позвоночника, снижая риск мальпозиции и сокращая время хирургического вмешательства. Их широкое внедрение может существенно повысить безопасность и эффективность хирургического лечения данной категории пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。在合并胸廓发育异常的儿童先天性脊柱畸形患者中，经椎弓根螺钉植入需要特别高的精准性和规范性。应用带有X线显影标记的个体化导航模板可以显著提高螺钉定位的准确性，降低并发症风险。</p> <p>目的。分析带X线显影标记的创新型个体化手术模板的应用效果，以及在合并胸廓发育异常的儿童先天性脊柱畸形患者中经椎弓根螺钉植入金属内固定装置的准确性，并与“徒手法”进行比较。</p> <p>材料与方法。纳入26例（4–9岁）在专业中心接受手术治疗的患者。所有患者分为两组：第一组 （n=13）在螺钉植入过程中使用带X线显影标记的新型模板；第二组（n=13）采用“徒手法”。通过术后X线和CT评估螺钉位置，依据Gertzbein分级进行准确性评分。统计分析采用t检验，显著性水平p&lt;0.05。</p> <p>结果。使用导航模板的组别中，100%的螺钉均（Grade 0）被正确置入。在“徒手法”组，正确置入率为80.5%，其中16.9%的螺钉轨迹偏差在2 mm以内（Grade 1），2.6%偏差超过2 mm（Grade 2）。此外， 使用导航模板建立骨道的时间明显少于“徒手法”，差异具有统计学意义。</p> <p>结论。带X线显影标记的导航模板在合并胸廓发育异常的儿童先天性脊柱畸形患者经椎弓根螺钉植入中展现出高度的准确性和正确性，可降低螺钉植入位置不良的风险，并缩短手术时间。其广泛应用可显著提高该类患者外科治疗的安全性和有效性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital spinal deformity</kwd><kwd>thoracic cage</kwd><kwd>pedicle screw fixation</kwd><kwd>patient-specific surgical templates</kwd><kwd>radiopaque markers</kwd><kwd>implantation accuracy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденная деформация позвоночника</kwd><kwd>грудная клетка</kwd><kwd>транспедикулярная фиксация</kwd><kwd>индивидуальные хирургические шаблоны</kwd><kwd>рентгеноконтрастные метки</kwd><kwd>точность имплантации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>先天性脊柱畸形</kwd><kwd>胸廓</kwd><kwd>经椎弓根固定</kwd><kwd>个体化手术模板</kwd><kwd>X线显影标记</kwd><kwd>植入准确性</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>056-00043-24-01</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mackel CE, Jada A, Samdani AF, et al. 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