脊髓损伤模型：成就与不足

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论证：脊柱损伤的性质和创伤性改变的不同。它们是肌肉骨骼系统最严重的损伤之一。在实验动物中建立一个与人类脊髓损伤相同的最佳实验模型，对于评估和分析病理过程，以及开发复杂治疗方法非常重要。

目的：对各种脊髓损伤实验动物模型进行分析，评价其优缺点，为进一步研究和临床应用提供依据。

材料与方法。本文介绍了在实验动物中建立脊髓损伤实验模型的可能性。1981年至2019年，使用以下关键词在PubMed、Science Direct、E-library、谷歌Scholar数据库中进行文献检索。搜索结果发现了105个外国来源和37个国内来源。在排除一些论文后，共分析了59篇论文，75%的论文发表于近20年。

结果。对实验动物脊髓研究的实验变体的回顾表明，缺乏一种普遍接受的通用模型。在分析过程中，发现了脊髓损伤的实验模型在损伤机制和损伤性质上存在显著差异。此外，在评估实验动物发生的病理过程、它们与临床变化的相关性以及对已获得的功能结果的解释方面存在困难，这使得难以在临床实践中使用所获得的结果。

结果。有必要继续发展和建立脊髓损伤的实验模型，在临床实践中能够考虑到创伤的多重因素，包括生物力学和暂时性创伤。

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作者简介

Sergey Vissarionov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: vissarionovs@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4235-5048
SPIN 代码: 7125-4930
Scopus 作者 ID: 6504128319

MD, PhD, D.Sc., Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Deputy Director for Research and Academic Affairs, Head of the Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery

俄罗斯联邦, Saint-Petersburg

Timofey Rybinskikh

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: timofey1999r@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4180-5353
SPIN 代码: 7739-4321

5th year student

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Marat Asadulaev

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: marat.asadulaev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1768-2402
SPIN 代码: 3336-8996
Scopus 作者 ID: 57191618743

MD, clinical resident, laboratory assistant in the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery

俄罗斯联邦, Saint-Petersburg

Nikita Khusainov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: nikita_husainov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3036-3796
SPIN 代码: 8953-5229

MD, PhD, Research Associate of the Department of Pathology of the Spine and Neurosurgery

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

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