Данные по исследованию мочи, полученные с помощью современных микробиологических методов и технологии секвенирования гена 16S рРНК, свидетельствуют, что мочевыделительная система имеет свою собственную микробную экосистему. Отдельные представители микробиоты могут играть ключевую роль в развитии рака. В клетках уротелия при карциноме мочевого пузыря найдены определенные таксоны бактерий, которые могут влиять на онкогенез, ответ на лечение и развитие рецидивов с помощью различных механизмов. Проводятся попытки использовать для лечения и профилактики рецидивов не только вакцинные, но и пробиотические штаммы и онколитические бактерии.

urine microbiotamicrobiomebladder cancerмикробиота мочимикробиомрак мочевого пузыря1.Axel EM, Matveev VВ. Statistics of malignant tumors of urinary and male urogenital organs in Russia and the countries of the former USSR. Cancer Urology. 2019;15(2):15–24. EDN: VMMGKE doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-2-15-24Аксель Е.М., Матвеев В.Б. Статистика злокачественных новообразований мочевых и мужских половых органов в России и странах бывшего СССР // Онкоурология. 2019. Т. 15, № 2. С. 15–24. EDN: VMMGKE doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-2-15-24Axel EM, Matveev VВ. Statistics of malignant tumors of urinary and male urogenital organs in Russia and the countries of the former USSR. Cancer Urology. 2019;15(2):15–24. EDN: VMMGKE doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-2-15-242.Popov SV, Guseynov RG, Khizha VV, et al. Main epidemiological data on cases of malignant neoplasms of the bladder in Saint Petersburg in 2012–2021. Cancer Urology. 2023;19(2):133–145. EDN: VMMGKE doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-133-145Попов С.В., Гусейнов Р.Г., Хижа В.В., и др. Основные медико-статистические данные о случаях злокачественных новообразований мочевого пузыря в г. Санкт-Петербурге и различных регионах России в 2012–2021 гг. // Онкоурология. 2023. Т. 19, № 2. С. 133–145. EDN: VMMGKE doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-133-145Popov SV, Guseynov RG, Khizha VV, et al. Main epidemiological data on cases of malignant neoplasms of the bladder in Saint Petersburg in 2012–2021. Cancer Urology. 2023;19(2):133–145. EDN: VMMGKE doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-133-1453.Zhang W, Yang F, Mao S, et al. Bladder cancer-associated microbiota: Recent advances and future perspectives. Heliyon. 2023;9(1):el.3012. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13012Zhang W., Yang F., Mao S., et al. Bladder cancer-associated microbiota: Recent advances and future perspectives // Heliyon. 2023. Vol. 9, N 1. ID el.3012. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13012Zhang W, Yang F, Mao S, et al. Bladder cancer-associated microbiota: Recent advances and future perspectives. Heliyon. 2023;9(1):el.3012. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e130124.Sapozhkova JY, Makolin IA. Malignant neoplasms of urogenital system in men. In: Medicine: education, practice and science: a collection of scientific papers. Vol. 1. Moscow: Medicine; 2018. P. 11–16. EDN: XSYVTV (In Russ.)Сапожкова Ж.Ю., Маколин И.А. Злокачественные новообразования мочеполовой системы у мужчин. В кн.: Медицина: образование, практика и наука: сборник научных трудов. Вып. 1. Москва: Медицина, 2018. С. 11–16. EDN: XSYVTVSapozhkova JY, Makolin IA. Malignant neoplasms of urogenital system in men. In: Medicine: education, practice and science: a collection of scientific papers. Vol. 1. Moscow: Medicine; 2018. P. 11–16. EDN: XSYVTV (In Russ.)5.Hrbáček J, Tláskal V, Čermák P, et al. Bladder cancer is associated with decreased urinary microbiota diversity and alterations in microbial community composition. Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Investig. 2023;41(2):107.e15–107.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.018Hrbáček J., Tláskal V., Čermák P., et al. Bladder cancer is associated with decreased urinary microbiota diversity and alterations in microbial community composition // Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Investig. 2023. Vol. 41, N 2. P. 107.e15–107.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.018Hrbáček J, Tláskal V, Čermák P, et al. Bladder cancer is associated with decreased urinary microbiota diversity and alterations in microbial community composition. Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Investig. 2023;41(2):107.e15–107.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.0186.Yacouba A, Alou MT, Lagier JC, et al. Urinary microbiota and bladder cancer: A systematic review and a focus on uropathogens. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;86(3):875–884. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.010Yacouba A., Alou M.T., Lagier J.C., et al. Urinary microbiota and bladder cancer: A systematic review and a focus on uropathogens // Semin Cancer Biol. 2022. Vol. 86, N 3. P. 875–884. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.010Yacouba A, Alou MT, Lagier JC, et al. Urinary microbiota and bladder cancer: A systematic review and a focus on uropathogens. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;86(3):875–884. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.0107.Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries // CA Cancer J Clin. 2021. Vol. 71, N 3. P. 209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.216608.Kogan MI, Naboka YuL, Ryzhkin AV, Vasilyev ON. Microbiota/microbiome urine and bladder cancer. Cancer Urology. 2020;16(2): 97–103. EDN: FZBZCA doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-97-103Коган М.И., Набока Ю.Л., Рыжкин А.В., Васильев О.Н. Микробиота/микробиом мочи и рак мочевого пузыря // Онкоурология. 2020. Т. 16, № 2. С. 97–103. EDN: FZBZCA doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-97-103Kogan MI, Naboka YuL, Ryzhkin AV, Vasilyev ON. Microbiota/microbiome urine and bladder cancer. Cancer Urology. 2020;16(2): 97–103. EDN: FZBZCA doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-97-1039.Jubber I, Ong S, Bukavina L, et al. Epidemiology of bladder cancer in 2023: a systematic review of risk factors. Eur Urol. 2023;84(2): 176–190. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.029Jubber I., Ong S., Bukavina L., et al. Epidemiology of bladder cancer in 2023: a systematic review of risk factors // Eur Urol. 2023. Vol. 84, N 2. P. 176–190. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.029Jubber I, Ong S, Bukavina L, et al. Epidemiology of bladder cancer in 2023: a systematic review of risk factors. Eur Urol. 2023;84(2): 176–190. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.02910.Gaffney CD, Katims A, D’Souza N, et al. Bladder cancer carcinogens: Opportunities for risk reduction. Eur Urol Focus. 2023;9(4): 575–578. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.03.017Gaffney C.D., Katims A., D’Souza N., et al. Bladder cancer carcinogens: Opportunities for risk reduction // Eur Urol Focus. 2023. Vol. 9, N 4. P. 575–578. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.03.017Gaffney CD, Katims A, D’Souza N, et al. Bladder cancer carcinogens: Opportunities for risk reduction. Eur Urol Focus. 2023;9(4): 575–578. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.03.01711.Dubrovin VN. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Kazan medical journal. 1996;77(4):294–298. doi: 10.17816/kazmj104542Дубровин В.Н. Эпидемиология рака мочевого пузыря // Казанский медицинский журнал. 1996. Т. 77, № 4. С. 294–298. doi: 10.17816/kazmj104542Dubrovin VN. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Kazan medical journal. 1996;77(4):294–298. doi: 10.17816/kazmj10454212.Shaposhnikov AV, Kit OI, Dzhenkova EA, Legostaeva KV. Cancer–induced diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Siberian journal of oncology. 2021;20(4):146–151. EDN: VGEFDT doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-4-146-151Шапошников А.В., Кит О.И., Дженкова Е.А., Легостаева К.В. Онкогенная диагностика и терапия // Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2021. Т. 20, № 4. С. 146–151. EDN: VGEFDT doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-4-146-151Shaposhnikov AV, Kit OI, Dzhenkova EA, Legostaeva KV. Cancer–induced diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Siberian journal of oncology. 2021;20(4):146–151. EDN: VGEFDT doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-4-146-15113.He C, Lei B, Huang L, et al. Gut microbial composition changes in bladder cancer patients: a case-control study in Harbin, China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(2):395–403. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202007_29(2).0022He C., Lei B., Huang L., et al. Gut microbial composition changes in bladder cancer patients: a case-control study in Harbin, China // Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020. Vol. 29, N 2. P. 395–403. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202007_29(2).0022He C, Lei B, Huang L, et al. Gut microbial composition changes in bladder cancer patients: a case-control study in Harbin, China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(2):395–403. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202007_29(2).002214.Ma W, Zhang W, Shen L, et al. Can smoking cause differences in urine microbiome in male patients with bladder cancer? A retrospective study. Front Oncol. 2021;11:677605. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677605Ma W., Zhang W., Shen L., et al. Can smoking cause differences in urine microbiome in male patients with bladder cancer? A retrospective study // Front Oncol. 2021. Vol. 11. ID 677605. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677605Ma W, Zhang W, Shen L, et al. Can smoking cause differences in urine microbiome in male patients with bladder cancer? A retrospective study. Front Oncol. 2021;11:677605. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.67760515.Allen MJ, Boyland E, Dukes CE, et al. Cancer of the urinary bladder induced in mice with metabolites of aromatic amines and tryptophan. Br J Cancer. 1957;11(2):212–228. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1957.29Allen M.J., Boyland E., Dukes C.E., et al. Cancer of the urinary bladder induced in mice with metabolites of aromatic amines and tryptophan // Br J Cancer. 1957. Vol. 11, N 2. P. 212–228. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1957.29Allen MJ, Boyland E, Dukes CE, et al. Cancer of the urinary bladder induced in mice with metabolites of aromatic amines and tryptophan. Br J Cancer. 1957;11(2):212–228. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1957.2916.Talaska G. Aromatic amines and human urinary bladder cancer: exposure sources and epidemiology. J Environ Sci Health C. 2003;21(1):29–43. doi: 10.1081/GNC-120021372Talaska G. Aromatic amines and human urinary bladder cancer: exposure sources and epidemiology // J Environ Sci Health C. 2003. Vol. 21, N 1. P. 29–43. doi: 10.1081/GNC-120021372Talaska G. Aromatic amines and human urinary bladder cancer: exposure sources and epidemiology. J Environ Sci Health C. 2003;21(1):29–43. doi: 10.1081/GNC-12002137217.Freudenthal RI, Stephens E, Anderson DP. Determining the potential of aromatic amines to induce cancer of the urinary bladder. Int J Toxicol. 1999;18(5):353–359. doi: 10.1080/1091581992252Freudenthal R.I., Stephens E., Anderson D.P. Determining the potential of aromatic amines to induce cancer of the urinary bladder // Int J Toxicol. 1999. Vol. 18, N 5. P. 353–359. doi: 10.1080/1091581992252Freudenthal RI, Stephens E, Anderson DP. Determining the potential of aromatic amines to induce cancer of the urinary bladder. Int J Toxicol. 1999;18(5):353–359. doi: 10.1080/109158199225218.Gizinger OA, Radzinskiy VE. Human papillomavirus: pathogenesis and correction of immune disturbances. Doctor.Ru. 2021;20(6):80–86. EDN: WQGJLJ doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-6-80-86Гизингер О.А., Радзинский В.Е. Вирус папилломы человека: патогенез и коррекция иммунных нарушений // Доктор.Ру. 2021. Т. 20, № 6. С. 80–86. EDN: WQGJLJ doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-6-80-86Gizinger OA, Radzinskiy VE. Human papillomavirus: pathogenesis and correction of immune disturbances. Doctor.Ru. 2021;20(6):80–86. EDN: WQGJLJ doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-6-80-8619.Krakhotkin DV, Ivanov SN, Naboka YL, et al. Viral pathogens in urological diseases. Medical Herald of the South of Russia. 2018;9(4): 14–21. EDN: YVDGBV doi: 10.21886/2219-8075-2018-9-4-14-21Крахоткин Д.В., Иванов С.Н., Набока Ю.Л., и др. Вирусные патогены при урологических заболеваниях // Медицинский вестник Юга России. 2018. Т. 9, № 4. С. 14–21. EDN: YVDGBV doi: 10.21886/2219-8075-2018-9-4-14-21Krakhotkin DV, Ivanov SN, Naboka YL, et al. Viral pathogens in urological diseases. Medical Herald of the South of Russia. 2018;9(4): 14–21. EDN: YVDGBV doi: 10.21886/2219-8075-2018-9-4-14-2120.Omarova KG, Aleshina NI, Ponezhevа ZB, et al. Risks of oncologic pathology in parasitosis at the present time. Therapeutic archive. 2020;92(11):82–85. EDN: MNEOFR doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.11.000710Омарова Х.Г., Алешина Н.И., Понежева Ж.Б., и др. Риски онкологической патологии при паразитозах в настоящее время // Терапевтический архив. 2020. Т. 92, № 11. С. 82–85. EDN: MNEOFR doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.11.000710Omarova KG, Aleshina NI, Ponezhevа ZB, et al. Risks of oncologic pathology in parasitosis at the present time. Therapeutic archive. 2020;92(11):82–85. EDN: MNEOFR doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.11.00071021.Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, et al. Microbiota and mitobiota. Putting an equal sign between mitochondria and bacteria. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2014;79(10):1252–1268. EDN: TLTRRV doi: 10.1134/S0006297914100046Зоров Д.Б., Плотников Е.Ю., Силачев Д.Н., и др. Микробиота и митобиота. Поставив знак равенства между митохондрией и бактерией (обзор) // Биохимия. 2014. Т. 79, № 10. С. 1252–1268. EDN: TLTRRV doi: 10.1134/S0006297914100046Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, et al. Microbiota and mitobiota. Putting an equal sign between mitochondria and bacteria. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2014;79(10):1252–1268. EDN: TLTRRV doi: 10.1134/S000629791410004622.Zeng J, Zhang G, Chen C, et al. Alterations in urobiome in patients with bladder cancer and implications for clinical outcome: a single-institution study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:555508. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.555508Zeng J., Zhang G., Chen C., et al. Alterations in urobiome in patients with bladder cancer and implications for clinical outcome: a single-institution study // Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020. Vol. 10. ID 555508. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.555508Zeng J, Zhang G, Chen C, et al. Alterations in urobiome in patients with bladder cancer and implications for clinical outcome: a single-institution study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:555508. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.55550823.Adebayo AS, Suryavanshi MV, Bhute S, et al. The microbiome in urogenital schistosomiasis and induced bladder pathologies. PLoS Neglected Trop Dis. 2017;11(11):e0005826. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005826Adebayo A.S., Suryavanshi M.V., Bhute S., et al. The microbiome in urogenital schistosomiasis and induced bladder pathologies // PLoS Neglected Trop Dis. 2017. Vol. 11, N 11. ID e0005826. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005826Adebayo AS, Suryavanshi MV, Bhute S, et al. The microbiome in urogenital schistosomiasis and induced bladder pathologies. PLoS Neglected Trop Dis. 2017;11(11):e0005826. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.000582624.Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L. “Sterile urine” and the presence of bacteria. Eur Urol. 2015;68(2):173–174. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.02.041Wolfe A.J., Brubaker L. «Sterile urine» and the presence of bacteria // Eur Urol. 2015. Vol. 68, N 2. P. 173–174. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.02.041Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L. “Sterile urine” and the presence of bacteria. Eur Urol. 2015;68(2):173–174. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.02.04125.Brubaker L, Wolfe AJ. The female urinary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(2):34. doi: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.62Brubaker L., Wolfe A.J. The female urinary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders // Ann Transl Med. 2017. Vol. 5, N 2. ID 34. doi: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.62Brubaker L, Wolfe AJ. The female urinary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(2):34. doi: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.6226.Bi H, Tian Y, Song C, et al. Urinary microbiota — a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer. J Med Microbiol. 2019;68(10):1471–1478. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001058Bi H., Tian Y., Song C., et al. Urinary microbiota — a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer // J Med Microbiol. 2019. Vol. 68, N 10. P. 1471–1478. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001058Bi H, Tian Y, Song C, et al. Urinary microbiota — a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer. J Med Microbiol. 2019;68(10):1471–1478. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.00105827.Mansour B, Monyók А, Makra N, et al. Bladder cancer-related microbiota: Examining differences in urine and tissue samples. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):11042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67443-2Mansour B., Monyók А., Makra N., et al. Bladder cancer-related microbiota: Examining differences in urine and tissue samples // Sci Rep. 2020. Vol. 10, N 1. ID 11042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67443-2Mansour B, Monyók А, Makra N, et al. Bladder cancer-related microbiota: Examining differences in urine and tissue samples. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):11042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67443-228.Lotte R, Lotte L, Ruimy R. Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii): a newly recognized pathogen-review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(1):28–36. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038Lotte R., Lotte L., Ruimy R. Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii): a newly recognized pathogen-review of the literature // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016. Vol. 22, N 1. P. 28–36. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038Lotte R, Lotte L, Ruimy R. Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii): a newly recognized pathogen-review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(1):28–36. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.03829.Brahimi S, Cadoret F, Fournier P-E, et al. ‘Actinotignum timonense’ sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from a human urine sample. New Microbes New Infect. 2017;16:47–48. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.01.002Brahimi S., Cadoret F., Fournier P.-E., et al. ‘Actinotignum timonense’ sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from a human urine sample // New Microbes New Infect. 2017. Vol. 16. P. 47–48. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.01.002Brahimi S, Cadoret F, Fournier P-E, et al. ‘Actinotignum timonense’ sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from a human urine sample. New Microbes New Infect. 2017;16:47–48. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.01.00230.Zaharova IN, Mumladze EB, Machneva EB, Kasyanova AN. Mechanisms of urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Pediatrics (Consilium Medicum Supplement). 2018;(1):106–110. EDN: YWOSCR doi: 10.26442/2413-8460_2018.1.106-110Захарова И.Н., Мумладзе Э.Б., Мачнева Е.Б., Касьянова А.Н. Механизмы развития инфекции мочевых путей и бессимптомной бактериурии // Педиатрия (Приложение к журналу Consilium Medicum). 2018. № 1. С. 106–110. EDN: YWOSCR doi: 10.26442/2413-8460_2018.1.106-110Zaharova IN, Mumladze EB, Machneva EB, Kasyanova AN. Mechanisms of urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Pediatrics (Consilium Medicum Supplement). 2018;(1):106–110. EDN: YWOSCR doi: 10.26442/2413-8460_2018.1.106-11031.Rocha J, Botelho J, Ksiezarek M, et al. Lactobacillus mulieris sp. nov., a new species of Lactobacillus delbrueckii group. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2020;70(3):1522–1527. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003901Rocha J., Botelho J., Ksiezarek M., et al. Lactobacillus mulieris sp. nov., a new species of Lactobacillus delbrueckii group // Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2020. Vol. 70, N 3. P. 1522–1527. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003901Rocha J, Botelho J, Ksiezarek M, et al. Lactobacillus mulieris sp. nov., a new species of Lactobacillus delbrueckii group. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2020;70(3):1522–1527. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.00390132.Lewis DA, Brown R, Williams J, et al. The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013;3:41. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00041Lewis D.A., Brown R., Williams J., et al. The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults // Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013. Vol. 3. ID 41. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00041Lewis DA, Brown R, Williams J, et al. The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013;3:41. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.0004133.Peng Z, Zhuang J, Shen B. The role of microbiota in tumorigenesis, progression and treatment of bladder cancer. Microbiome Res Rep. 2024;3:5. doi: 10.20517/mrr.2023.47Peng Z., Zhuang J., Shen B. The role of microbiota in tumorigenesis, progression and treatment of bladder cancer // Microbiome Res Rep. 2024. Vol. 3. ID 5. doi: 10.20517/mrr.2023.47Peng Z, Zhuang J, Shen B. The role of microbiota in tumorigenesis, progression and treatment of bladder cancer. Microbiome Res Rep. 2024;3:5. doi: 10.20517/mrr.2023.4734.Wu P, Zhang G, Zhao J, et al. Corrigendum: profiling the urinary microbiota in male patients with bladder cancer in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:429. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00429Wu P., Zhang G., Zhao J., et al. Corrigendum: profiling the urinary microbiota in male patients with bladder cancer in China // Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018. Vol. 8. ID 429. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00429Wu P, Zhang G, Zhao J, et al. Corrigendum: profiling the urinary microbiota in male patients with bladder cancer in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:429. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.0042935.Hussein AA, Elsayed AS, Durrani M, et al. Investigating the association between the urinary microbiome and bladder cancer: An exploratory study. Urol Oncol. 2021;39(6):370.e9–370.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.12.011Hussein A.A., Elsayed A.S., Durrani M., et al. Investigating the association between the urinary microbiome and bladder cancer: An exploratory study // Urol Oncol. 2021. Vol. 39, N 6. P. 370.e9–370.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.12.011Hussein AA, Elsayed AS, Durrani M, et al. Investigating the association between the urinary microbiome and bladder cancer: An exploratory study. Urol Oncol. 2021;39(6):370.e9–370.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.12.01136.Parra-Grande M, Ore-Arce M, Martinez-Priego L, et al. Profiling the bladder microbiota in patients with bladder cancer. Front Microbiol. 2022;12:718776. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718776Parra-Grande M., Ore-Arce M., Martinez-Priego L., et al. Profiling the bladder microbiota in patients with bladder cancer // Front Microbiol. 2022. Vol. 12. ID 718776. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718776Parra-Grande M, Ore-Arce M, Martinez-Priego L, et al. Profiling the bladder microbiota in patients with bladder cancer. Front Microbiol. 2022;12:718776. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.71877637.Qiu Y, Gao Y, Chen C, et al. Deciphering the influence of urinary microbiota on FoxP3+ regulatory T cell infiltration and prognosis in Chinese patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Hum Cell. 2022;35(2):511–521. doi: 10.1007/s13577-021-00659-0Qiu Y., Gao Y., Chen C., et al. Deciphering the influence of urinary microbiota on FoxP3+ regulatory T cell infiltration and prognosis in Chinese patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer // Hum Cell. 2022. Vol. 35, N 2. P. 511–521. doi: 10.1007/s13577-021-00659-0Qiu Y, Gao Y, Chen C, et al. Deciphering the influence of urinary microbiota on FoxP3+ regulatory T cell infiltration and prognosis in Chinese patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Hum Cell. 2022;35(2):511–521. doi: 10.1007/s13577-021-00659-038.Chipollini J, Wright JR, Nwanosike H, et al. Characterization of urinary microbiome in patients with bladder cancer: results from a single-institution, feasibility study. Urol Oncol. 2020;38(7):615–621. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.014Chipollini J., Wright J.R., Nwanosike H., et al. Characterization of urinary microbiome in patients with bladder cancer: results from a single-institution, feasibility study // Urol Oncol. 2020. Vol. 38, N 7. P. 615–621. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.014Chipollini J, Wright JR, Nwanosike H, et al. Characterization of urinary microbiome in patients with bladder cancer: results from a single-institution, feasibility study. Urol Oncol. 2020;38(7):615–621. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.01439.Moynihan M, Sullivan T, Provenzano K, Rieger-Christ K. Urinary microbiome evaluation in patients presenting with hematuria with a focus on exposure to tobacco smoke. Res Rep Urol. 2019;11: 359–367. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S233386Moynihan M., Sullivan T., Provenzano K., Rieger-Christ K. Urinary microbiome evaluation in patients presenting with hematuria with a focus on exposure to tobacco smoke // Res Rep Urol. 2019. Vol. 11. P. 359–367. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S233386Moynihan M, Sullivan T, Provenzano K, Rieger-Christ K. Urinary microbiome evaluation in patients presenting with hematuria with a focus on exposure to tobacco smoke. Res Rep Urol. 2019;11: 359–367. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S23338640.Hourigan SK, Zhu W, Wong SWW, et al. Studying the urine microbiome in superficial bladder cancer: samples obtained by midstream voiding versus cystoscopy. BMC Urol. 2020;20:5. doi: 10.1186/s12894-020-0576-zHourigan S.K., Zhu W., Wong S.W.W., et al. Studying the urine microbiome in superficial bladder cancer: samples obtained by midstream voiding versus cystoscopy // BMC Urol. 2020. Vol. 20. ID 5. doi: 10.1186/s12894-020-0576-zHourigan SK, Zhu W, Wong SWW, et al. Studying the urine microbiome in superficial bladder cancer: samples obtained by midstream voiding versus cystoscopy. BMC Urol. 2020;20:5. doi: 10.1186/s12894-020-0576-z41.Liu F, Liu A, Zhang Z, et al. Dysbiosis signatures of the microbial profile in tissue from bladder cancer. Cancer Med. 2019;8(16): 6904–6914. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2419Liu F., Liu A., Zhang Z., et al. Dysbiosis signatures of the microbial profile in tissue from bladder cancer // Cancer Med. 2019. Vol. 8, N 16. P. 6904–6914. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2419Liu F, Liu A, Zhang Z, et al. Dysbiosis signatures of the microbial profile in tissue from bladder cancer. Cancer Med. 2019;8(16): 6904–6914. doi: 10.1002/cam4.241942.Mai G, Chen L, Li R, et al. Common core bacterial biomarkers of bladder cancer based on multiple datasets. BioMed Res Int. 2019;2019:4824909. doi: 10.1155/2019/4824909Mai G., Chen L., Li R., et al. Common core bacterial biomarkers of bladder cancer based on multiple datasets // BioMed Res Int. 2019. Vol. 2019. ID 4824909. doi: 10.1155/2019/4824909Mai G, Chen L, Li R, et al. Common core bacterial biomarkers of bladder cancer based on multiple datasets. BioMed Res Int. 2019;2019:4824909. doi: 10.1155/2019/482490943.Hrbacek J, Morais D, Cermak P, et al. Alpha-diversity and microbial community structure of the male urinary microbiota depend on urine sampling method. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):23758. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03292-xHrbacek J., Morais D., Cermak P., et al. Alpha-diversity and microbial community structure of the male urinary microbiota depend on urine sampling method // Sci Rep. 2021. Vol. 11, N 1. ID 23758. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03292-xHrbacek J, Morais D, Cermak P, et al. Alpha-diversity and microbial community structure of the male urinary microbiota depend on urine sampling method. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):23758. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03292-x44.Oresta B, Braga D, Lazzeri M, et al. The microbiome of catheter collected urine in males with bladder cancer according to disease stage. J Urol. 2021;205(1):86–93. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001336Oresta B., Braga D., Lazzeri M., et al. The microbiome of catheter collected urine in males with bladder cancer according to disease stage // J Urol. 2021. Vol. 205, N 1. P. 86–93. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001336Oresta B, Braga D, Lazzeri M, et al. The microbiome of catheter collected urine in males with bladder cancer according to disease stage. J Urol. 2021;205(1):86–93. doi: 10.1097/JU.000000000000133645.Bučević Popović V, Šitum M, Chow C-ET, et al. The urinary microbiome associated with bladder cancer. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29054-wBučević Popović V., Šitum M., Chow C. — E.T., et al. The urinary microbiome associated with bladder cancer // Sci Rep. 2018. Vol. 8, N 1. ID 12157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29054-wBučević Popović V, Šitum M, Chow C-ET, et al. The urinary microbiome associated with bladder cancer. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29054-w46.Pederzoli F, Ferrarese R, Amato V, et al. Sex-specific alterations in the urinary and tissue microbiome in therapy-naïve urothelial bladder cancer patients. Eur Urol Oncol. 2020;3(6):784–788. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.04.002Pederzoli F., Ferrarese R., Amato V., et al. Sex-specific alterations in the urinary and tissue microbiome in therapy-naïve urothelial bladder cancer patients // Eur Urol Oncol. 2020. Vol. 3, N 6. P. 784–788. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.04.002Pederzoli F, Ferrarese R, Amato V, et al. Sex-specific alterations in the urinary and tissue microbiome in therapy-naïve urothelial bladder cancer patients. Eur Urol Oncol. 2020;3(6):784–788. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.04.00247.Vermeulen SH, Hanum N, Grotenhuis AJ, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer in the Nijmegen bladder cancer study. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(3):594–600. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.601Vermeulen S.H., Hanum N., Grotenhuis A.J., et al. Recurrent urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer in the Nijmegen bladder cancer study // Br J Cancer. 2015. Vol. 112, N 3. P. 594–600. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.601Vermeulen SH, Hanum N, Grotenhuis AJ, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer in the Nijmegen bladder cancer study. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(3):594–600. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.60148.Pozdeyev ОС. Molecular genetic foundations of pathogenicity of enterobacterium. Practical medicine. 2010;(2):84–88. EDN: MDXIKXПоздеев О.К. Молекулярно-генетические основы патогенности энтеробактерий // Практическая медицина. 2010. № 2. С. 84–88. EDN: MDXIKXPozdeyev ОС. Molecular genetic foundations of pathogenicity of enterobacterium. Practical medicine. 2010;(2):84–88. EDN: MDXIKX49.Hannan TJ, Mysorekar IU, Hung CS, et al. Early severe inflammatory responses to uropathogenic E. coli predispose to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infection. PLoS pathogens. 2010;6(8):e1001042. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001042Hannan T.J., Mysorekar I.U., Hung C.S., et al. Early severe inflammatory responses to uropathogenic E. coli predispose to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infection // PLoS pathogens. 2010. Vol. 6, N 8. ID e1001042. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001042Hannan TJ, Mysorekar IU, Hung CS, et al. Early severe inflammatory responses to uropathogenic E. coli predispose to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infection. PLoS pathogens. 2010;6(8):e1001042. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.100104250.Alon-Maimon T, Mandelboim O, Bachrach G. Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer. Periodontology. 2022;89(1):166–180. doi: 10.1111/prd.12426Alon-Maimon T., Mandelboim O., Bachrach G. Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer // Periodontology. 2022. Vol. 89, N 1. P. 166–180. doi: 10.1111/prd.12426Alon-Maimon T, Mandelboim O, Bachrach G. Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer. Periodontology. 2022;89(1):166–180. doi: 10.1111/prd.1242651.Vecherkovskaya MF, Tetz GV, Tetz VV. Microbiota and cancer (review of literature). The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University. 2020;27(4): 14–27. EDN: CNCWAM doi: 10.24884/1607-4181-2020-27-4-14-27Вечерковская М.Ф., Тец Г.В., Тец В.В. Микробиота и онкологические заболевания (обзор литературы) // Ученые записки СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова. 2020. Т. 27, № 4. С. 14–27. EDN: CNCWAM doi: 10.24884/1607-4181-2020-27-4-14-27Vecherkovskaya MF, Tetz GV, Tetz VV. Microbiota and cancer (review of literature). The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University. 2020;27(4): 14–27. EDN: CNCWAM doi: 10.24884/1607-4181-2020-27-4-14-2752.Miller SI, Ernst RK, Bader MW. LPS, TLR4 and infectious disease diversity. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3(1):36–46. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1068Miller S.I., Ernst R.K., Bader M.W. LPS, TLR4 and infectious disease diversity // Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005. Vol. 3, N 1. P. 36–46. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1068Miller SI, Ernst RK, Bader MW. LPS, TLR4 and infectious disease diversity. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3(1):36–46. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro106853.Kostin RK, Malyugin DA, Solenova LG, Kulaeva ED. Gut microbiota and carcinogenesis in various human organs. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2023;100(1):110–125. EDN: CYBYBS doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-310Костин Р.К., Малюгин Д.А., Соленова Л.Г., Кулаева Е.Д. Микробиота желудочно-кишечного тракта и канцерогенез в различных органах человека // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2023. Т. 100, № 1. С. 110–125. EDN: CYBYBS doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-310 EDN: CYBYBSKostin RK, Malyugin DA, Solenova LG, Kulaeva ED. Gut microbiota and carcinogenesis in various human organs. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2023;100(1):110–125. EDN: CYBYBS doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-31054.Ding X, Hu W, Li J, et al. Relationship of urinary pathogenic bacteria and stone composition in patients with infectious stones. Chinese J Urol. 2002;(12):734–738.Ding X., Hu W., Li J., et al. Relationship of urinary pathogenic bacteria and stone composition in patients with infectious stones // Chinese J Urol. 2002. N 12. P. 734–738.Ding X, Hu W, Li J, et al. Relationship of urinary pathogenic bacteria and stone composition in patients with infectious stones. Chinese J Urol. 2002;(12):734–738.55.Wernke KM, Xue M, Tirla A, et al. Structure and bioactivity of colibactin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2020;30(15):127280. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127280Wernke K.M., Xue M., Tirla A., et al. Structure and bioactivity of colibactin // Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2020. Vol. 30, N 15. ID 127280. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127280Wernke KM, Xue M, Tirla A, et al. Structure and bioactivity of colibactin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2020;30(15):127280. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.12728056.Voloshko LN, Pinevich AV. Diversity of the cyanobacterial toxins. Astrakhan Bulletin for Environmental Education. 2014;(1):68–80. EDN: RXBFSPВолошко Л.Н., Пиневич А.В. Разнообразие токсинов цианобактерий // Астраханский вестник экологического образования. 2014. № 1. С. 68–80. EDN: RXBFSPVoloshko LN, Pinevich AV. Diversity of the cyanobacterial toxins. Astrakhan Bulletin for Environmental Education. 2014;(1):68–80. EDN: RXBFSP57.Naka T, Fujiwara N, Yano I, et al. Structural analysis of sphingophospholipids derived from Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, the type species of genus Sphingobacterium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2003;1635(2–3):83–92. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2003.10.010Naka T., Fujiwara N., Yano I., et al. Structural analysis of sphingophospholipids derived from Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, the type species of genus Sphingobacterium // Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2003. Vol. 1635, N 2–3. P. 83–92. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2003.10.010Naka T, Fujiwara N, Yano I, et al. Structural analysis of sphingophospholipids derived from Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, the type species of genus Sphingobacterium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2003;1635(2–3):83–92. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2003.10.01058.Huycke MM, Abrams V, Moore DR. Enterococcus faecalis produces extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide that damages colonic epithelial cell DNA. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23(3):529–536. doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.3.529Huycke M.M., Abrams V., Moore D.R. Enterococcus faecalis produces extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide that damages colonic epithelial cell DNA // Carcinogenesis. 2002. Vol. 23, N 3. P. 529–536. doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.3.529Huycke MM, Abrams V, Moore DR. Enterococcus faecalis produces extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide that damages colonic epithelial cell DNA. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23(3):529–536. doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.3.52959.Galyamina MA, Pobeguts OV, Gorbachev AYu. The role of mycoplasmas as an infectious agent in carcinogenesis. Advances in Molecular Oncology. 2023;10(3):36–49. EDN: KFGBLE doi: 10.17650/2313-805X-2023-10-3-36-49Галямина М.А., Побегуц О.В., Горбачев А.Ю. Роль микоплазм в качестве инфекционного агента при канцерогенезе // Успехи молекулярной онкологии. 2023. Т. 10, № 3. С. 36–49. EDN: KFGBLE doi: 10.17650/2313-805X-2023-10-3-36-49Galyamina MA, Pobeguts OV, Gorbachev AYu. The role of mycoplasmas as an infectious agent in carcinogenesis. Advances in Molecular Oncology. 2023;10(3):36–49. EDN: KFGBLE doi: 10.17650/2313-805X-2023-10-3-36-4960.Zarei O, Rezania S, Mousavi A. Mycoplasma genitalium and cancer: a brief review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3425–3428. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.6.3425Zarei O., Rezania S., Mousavi A. Mycoplasma genitalium and cancer: a brief review // Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013. Vol. 14, N 6. P. 3425–3428. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.6.3425Zarei O, Rezania S, Mousavi A. Mycoplasma genitalium and cancer: a brief review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3425–3428. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.6.342561.Zinatizadeh MR, Masoumalinejad Z, Parnak F. The prevalence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis contamination in tissues samples from cancer patients: A brief report. Mod Med Lab J. 2019;2(1):91–95. doi: 10.30699/mmlj17.1.3.91Zinatizadeh M.R., Masoumalinejad Z., Parnak F. The prevalence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis contamination in tissues samples from cancer patients: A brief report // Mod Med Lab J. 2019. Vol. 2, N 1. P. 91–95. doi: 10.30699/mmlj17.1.3.91Zinatizadeh MR, Masoumalinejad Z, Parnak F. The prevalence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis contamination in tissues samples from cancer patients: A brief report. Mod Med Lab J. 2019;2(1):91–95. doi: 10.30699/mmlj17.1.3.9162.Yacoub E, Saed Abdul-Wahab OM, Al-Shyarba MH, Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi B. The relationship between mycoplasmas and cancer: Is it fact or fiction? Narrative review and update on the situation. J Oncol. 2021;2021:9986550. doi: 10.1155/2021/9986550Yacoub E., Saed Abdul-Wahab O.M., Al-Shyarba M.H., Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi B. The relationship between mycoplasmas and cancer: Is it fact or fiction? Narrative review and update on the situation // J Oncol. 2021. Vol. 2021. ID 9986550. doi: 10.1155/2021/9986550Yacoub E, Saed Abdul-Wahab OM, Al-Shyarba MH, Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi B. The relationship between mycoplasmas and cancer: Is it fact or fiction? Narrative review and update on the situation. J Oncol. 2021;2021:9986550. doi: 10.1155/2021/998655063.Urbanek C, Goodison S, Chang M, et al. Detection of antibodies directed at M. hyorhinis p37 in the serum of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:233. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-233Urbanek C., Goodison S., Chang M., et al. Detection of antibodies directed at M. hyorhinis p37 in the serum of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer // BMC Cancer. 2011. Vol. 11. ID 233. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-233Urbanek C, Goodison S, Chang M, et al. Detection of antibodies directed at M. hyorhinis p37 in the serum of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:233. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-23364.Rogers MB. Mycoplasma and cancer: in search of the link. Oncotarget. 2011;2(4):271. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.264Rogers M.B. Mycoplasma and cancer: in search of the link // Oncotarget. 2011. Vol. 2, N 4. ID 271. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.264Rogers MB. Mycoplasma and cancer: in search of the link. Oncotarget. 2011;2(4):271. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.26465.Lee SH, Mahendran R, Tham SM, et al. Tryptophan–kynurenine ratio as a biomarker of bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2021;127(4):445–453. doi: 10.1111/bju.15205Lee S.H., Mahendran R., Tham S.M., et al. Tryptophan–kynurenine ratio as a biomarker of bladder cancer // BJU Int. 2021. Vol. 127, N 4. P. 445–453. doi: 10.1111/bju.15205Lee SH, Mahendran R, Tham SM, et al. Tryptophan–kynurenine ratio as a biomarker of bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2021;127(4):445–453. doi: 10.1111/bju.1520566.Chung K-T, Gadupudi GS. Possible roles of excess tryptophan metabolites in cancer. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2011;52(2):81–104. doi: 10.1002/em.20588Chung K.-T., Gadupudi G.S. Possible roles of excess tryptophan metabolites in cancer // Environ Mol Mutagen. 2011. Vol. 52, N 2. P. 81–104. doi: 10.1002/em.20588Chung K-T, Gadupudi GS. Possible roles of excess tryptophan metabolites in cancer. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2011;52(2):81–104. doi: 10.1002/em.2058867.Brausi M, Oddens J, Sylvester R, et al. Side effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of intermediate- and highrisk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder: results of the EORTC genito-urinary cancers group randomised phase 3 study comparing one-third dose with full dose and 1 year with 3 years of maintenance BCG. Eur Urol. 2014;65(1):69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.07.021Brausi M., Oddens J., Sylvester R., et al. Side effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of intermediate- and highrisk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder: results of the EORTC genito-urinary cancers group randomised phase 3 study comparing one-third dose with full dose and 1 year with 3 years of maintenance BCG // Eur Urol. 2014. Vol. 65, N 1. P. 69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.07.021Brausi M, Oddens J, Sylvester R, et al. Side effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of intermediate- and highrisk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder: results of the EORTC genito-urinary cancers group randomised phase 3 study comparing one-third dose with full dose and 1 year with 3 years of maintenance BCG. Eur Urol. 2014;65(1):69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.07.02168.Figurin KM. Intravesical bcg therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Urology. 2012;8(1):14–23. EDN: OTORPF doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2012-8-1-14-22Фигурин К.М. Внутрипузырная БЦЖ-терапия при мышечно-неинвазивном раке мочевого пузыря // Онкоурология. 2012. Т. 8, № 1. С. 14–23. EDN: OTORPF doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2012-8-1-14-22Figurin KM. Intravesical bcg therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Urology. 2012;8(1):14–23. EDN: OTORPF doi: 10.17650/1726-9776-2012-8-1-14-2269.Green DB, Kawashima A, Menias CO, et al. Complications of intravesical BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Radiographics. 2019;39(1):80–94. doi: 10.1148/rg.2019180014Green D.B., Kawashima A., Menias C.O., et al. Complications of intravesical BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer // Radiographics. 2019. Vol. 39, N 1. P. 80–94. doi: 10.1148/rg.2019180014Green DB, Kawashima A, Menias CO, et al. Complications of intravesical BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Radiographics. 2019;39(1):80–94. doi: 10.1148/rg.201918001470.Koch GE, Smelser WW, Chang SS. Side effects of intravesical BCG and chemotherapy for bladder cancer: what they are and how to manage them. Urology. 2021;149:11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.10.039Koch G.E., Smelser W.W., Chang S.S. Side effects of intravesical BCG and chemotherapy for bladder cancer: what they are and how to manage them // Urology. 2021. Vol. 149. P. 11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.10.039Koch GE, Smelser WW, Chang SS. Side effects of intravesical BCG and chemotherapy for bladder cancer: what they are and how to manage them. Urology. 2021;149:11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.10.03971.Eissa AS, Rasslan O, Fouad L, et al. Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor 4 (NLR4) gene expression and interleukin 1-β (IL1-β) level in urine samples before and after intravesical BCG therapy for treatment of bladder cancer. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2020;22(6):1141–1154. EDN: UHQQIO doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-NOD-2101Эйсса А.С.А.Э., Расслан О., Фуад Л., и др. Экспрессия генов доменоподобного рецептора 4 (NLR4) домена олигомеризации нуклеотидов и уровень интерлейкина 1β (IL-1β) в образцах мочи до и после внутрипузырной терапии БЦЖ для лечения рака мочевого пузыря // Медицинская иммунология. 2020. Т. 22, № 6. С. 1141–1154. EDN: UHQQIO doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-NOD-2101Eissa AS, Rasslan O, Fouad L, et al. Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor 4 (NLR4) gene expression and interleukin 1-β (IL1-β) level in urine samples before and after intravesical BCG therapy for treatment of bladder cancer. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2020;22(6):1141–1154. EDN: UHQQIO doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-NOD-210172.Woolbright BL, Xuan H, Ahmed I, et al. Aging induces changes in cancer formation and microbial content in a murine model of bladder cancer. Geroscience. 2024;46(3):3361–3375. doi: 10.1007/s11357-024-01064-9Woolbright B.L., Xuan H., Ahmed I., et al. Aging induces changes in cancer formation and microbial content in a murine model of bladder cancer // Geroscience. 2024. Vol. 46, N 3. P. 3361–3375. doi: 10.1007/s11357-024-01064-9Woolbright BL, Xuan H, Ahmed I, et al. Aging induces changes in cancer formation and microbial content in a murine model of bladder cancer. Geroscience. 2024;46(3):3361–3375. doi: 10.1007/s11357-024-01064-973.Domingos-Pereira S, Sathiyanadan K, La Rosa S, et al. Intravesical Ty21a vaccine promotes dendritic cells and T cell-mediated tumor regression in the MB49 bladder cancer model. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7(4):621–629. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0671Domingos-Pereira S., Sathiyanadan K., La Rosa S., et al. Intravesical Ty21a vaccine promotes dendritic cells and T cell-mediated tumor regression in the MB49 bladder cancer model // Cancer Immunol Res. 2019. Vol. 7, N 4. P. 621–629. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0671Domingos-Pereira S, Sathiyanadan K, La Rosa S, et al. Intravesical Ty21a vaccine promotes dendritic cells and T cell-mediated tumor regression in the MB49 bladder cancer model. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7(4):621–629. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-067174.Malaeva EG. Urinary tract infections and microbiota. Health and Ecology Issues. 2021;18(3):5–14. EDN: TQULMJ doi: 10.51523/2708-6011.2021-18-3-1Малаева Е.Г. Инфекции мочевыводящих путей и микробиота // Проблемы здоровья и экологии. 2021. Т. 18, № 3. С. 5–14. EDN: TQULMJ doi: 10.51523/2708-6011.2021-18-3-1Malaeva EG. Urinary tract infections and microbiota. Health and Ecology Issues. 2021;18(3):5–14. EDN: TQULMJ doi: 10.51523/2708-6011.2021-18-3-175.Kyrgiou M, Mitra A, Moscicki A-B. Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer? Transl Res. 2017;179:168–182. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.004Kyrgiou M., Mitra A., Moscicki A.-B. Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer? // Transl Res. 2017. Vol. 179. P. 168–182. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.004Kyrgiou M, Mitra A, Moscicki A-B. Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer? Transl Res. 2017;179:168–182. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.00476.Tashlanova VV, Kataeva LV, Stepanova TF. Species characteristics of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus identified in different loci of the human body (literature review). Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2023;100(4):364–375. EDN: SBYXKC doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-332Ташланова В.В., Катаева Л.В., Степанова Т.Ф. Видовая характеристика бактерий рода Lactobacillus, циркулирующих в различных локусах организма человека // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2023. Т. 100, № 4. С. 364–375. EDN: SBYXKC doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-332Tashlanova VV, Kataeva LV, Stepanova TF. Species characteristics of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus identified in different loci of the human body (literature review). Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2023;100(4):364–375. EDN: SBYXKC doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-33277.Suvorov AN. About us and our oncolytic bacteria. Nature. 2018;(8):3–9. EDN: YAMNJJ doi: 10.31857/S0032874X0000478-4Суворов А.Н. О нас и наших онколитических бактериях // Природа. 2018. № 8. С. 3–9. EDN: YAMNJJ doi: 10.31857/S0032874X0000478-4Suvorov AN. About us and our oncolytic bacteria. Nature. 2018;(8):3–9. EDN: YAMNJJ doi: 10.31857/S0032874X0000478-478.Xu W, Yang L, Lee P, et al. Mini-review: perspective of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2014;2(1):57–61.Xu W., Yang L., Lee P., et al. Mini-review: perspective of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma // Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2014. Vol. 2, N 1. P. 57–61.Xu W, Yang L, Lee P, et al. Mini-review: perspective of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2014;2(1):57–61.