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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Урологические ведомости</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2225-9074</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1416</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">634751</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/uroved634751</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Surgical treatment of locally advanced kidney cancer in the T3a–с stage</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оперативное лечение местно-распространенного рака почки в стадии Т3а–с</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8606-9791</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7864-9123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komyakov</surname><given-names>Boris K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комяков</surname><given-names>Борис Кириллович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>komyakovbk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2178-3910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salsanov</surname><given-names>Artem T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салсанов</surname><given-names>Артем Тимурбекович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>omega06@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1741-9963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>Vsevolod B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>Всеволод Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>Vsevolodmatveev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5265-3830</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6664-7589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarev</surname><given-names>Vadim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубарев</surname><given-names>Вадим Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>vadim_zubarev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-09-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>247</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-01"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-11-17"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/uroved/article/view/634751">https://journals.eco-vector.com/uroved/article/view/634751</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Kidney cancer is a common pathologic condition, which ranks the 3rd place among urologic cancers. In 4–10% of patients, while growing it metastasizes upward the venous vessels up to the thoracic vena cava and right atrium. Selection of the optimal tactics for surgical treatment of such patients still remains a complex and unsolved task.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To assess the surgical treatment findings for the patients suffered from kidney cancer with tumor invasion in the renal and inferior vena cava.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: 115 patients with renal cell carcinoma complicated by tumor invasion into renal and inferior vena cava have been operated in North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov from 2003 to 2023. They were 76 (66.1%) men and 39 (33.9%) women, their mean age was 67.0 ± 4.1. Stage T3a covered 53 (46.1%), T3b — 33 (28.7%) and T3c 29 (25.2%) patients. Metastatic lesion of one lymph node was observed in 21 (18.3%) and of multiple nodes in 6 (5.2%) patients. Distant metastases were found in 26 (22.6%) patients: in the lungs in 9.6% and in the adrenal glands in 5.2%. All patients were treated with radical nephrectomy, removing blood trombi from the inferior vena cava system. Eight (7.0%) of them, received the treatment by the method developed in the clinic, which consists in preliminary endovascular extraction of the cranial trombus part. Another 3 (2.6%) patients were treated using cardiopulmonary bypass machine.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: Early postoperative complications developed in 36 (31.4%) patients. The most common and severe of them were pulmonary embolism (4.4%) and acute cardiovascular insufficiency (10.4%). These complications appeared the causes of death of 4 patients. The mortality rate was 3.5%. The three year survival rate in the T3a group was 70.6%, T3b group — 66.0% and T3c group — 50.6% (p &lt; 0.05).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>: Nephrectomy with vena cava thrombectomy is a radical surgical treatment. Its complexity increases as the tumor thrombus spreads further through the venous system and in some cases requires an interdisciplinary approach.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Рак почки является частым патологическим состоянием и занимает 3-е место в структуре онкоурологических заболеваний. У 4–10 % больных по мере своего роста он распространяется вверх по венозным сосудам вплоть до грудного отдела полой вены и правого предсердия. Выбор оптимальной тактики хирургического лечения таких пациентов до сих пор остается сложной и до конца нерешенной задачей.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — оценить результаты хирургического лечения больных раком почки с опухолевой инвазией в почечную и нижнюю полую вену.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы</bold>. С 2004 по 2023 г. в клиниках урологии СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова были оперированы 115 больных почечноклеточным раком, осложненным опухолевой инвазией в почечную и нижнюю полую вену. Мужчин было 76 (66,1 %), женщин 39 (33,9 %), средний возраст составил 67,0 ± 4,1 года. Стадия Т3а имела место у 53 (46,1 %), T3b — у 33 (28,7 %) и T3c — у 29 (25,2 %) пациентов. Метастатическое поражение одного лимфоузла наблюдалось у 21 (18,3 %) больного, множественное — у 6 (5,2 %). У 26 (22,6 %) больных выявлены отдаленные метастазы: в легких у 9,6 % и в надпочечниках у 5,2 %. Всем пациентам выполнена радикальная нефрэктомия с удалением тромбов из системы нижней полой вены, у 8 (7,0 %) из них по разработанному в клинике методу, заключающемуся в предварительной эндоваскулярной экстракции краниальной части тромба. Еще у 3 (2,6 %) пациентов был использован аппарат искусственного кровообращения.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Ранние послеоперационные осложнения развились у 36 (31,4 %) больных. Наиболее частыми и тяжелыми из них стали тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (4,4 %) и острая сердечно-сосудистая недостаточность (10,4 %). Они и оказались причинами смерти 4 пациентов. Летальность составила 3,5 %. Трехлетняя выживаемость в группе T3a составила 70,6 %, T3b — 66,0 %, T3c — 50,6 % (p &lt; 0,05).</p> <p><bold>Выводы</bold>. Нефрэктомия с тромбэктомией из полой вены является радикальным хирургическим лечением. Сложность его возрастает по мере распространения опухолевого тромба по венозной системе и в ряде случаев требует междисциплинарного подхода.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney cancer</kwd><kwd>inferior vena cava</kwd><kwd>tumor venous thrombosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>нижняя полая вена</kwd><kwd>опухолевый венозный тромбоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Axel E.M., Matveev V.B. Statistics of malignant tumors of the urinary and male reproductive organs in Russia and the former USSR // Onkourologiya = Cancer Urology. – 2019. - Vol. 15, No. 2. – P. 15–24. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-2-15-24 EDN: VMMGKE</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксель Е.М., Матвеев В.Б. 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