<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Урологические ведомости</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2225-9074</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1416</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643098</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/uroved643098</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Simple renal cyst and glomerulopathy: is there a connection?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неосложненная киста почки и гломерулопатии. Есть ли связь?</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-0081</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6308-6260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Firsov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирсов</surname><given-names>Михаил Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>firsma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9114-3052</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4765-6498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonov</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонов</surname><given-names>Павел Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>doctorsimonov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-6973</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6178-8049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garkusha</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаркуша</surname><given-names>Татьяна Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>sapfiradracula@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-5962</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2208-2676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezrukov</surname><given-names>Evgenii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безруков</surname><given-names>Евгений Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>eabezrukov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-075X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5702-2065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Laletin</surname><given-names>Dmitrii I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лалетин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>Sloth-doc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagaev</surname><given-names>Semen E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагаев</surname><given-names>Семён Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>samnagaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseeva</surname><given-names>Valeriya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеева</surname><given-names>Валерия Денисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>leramoiseeva814@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Hospital, Krasnoyarsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Краевая клиническая больница, Красноярск</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk Regional Pathological Bureau</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Красноярское краевое патолого-анатомическое бюро</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Hospital, Krasnoyarsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Краевая клиническая больница, Красноярск</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-05-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/uroved/article/view/643098">https://journals.eco-vector.com/uroved/article/view/643098</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Simple renal cysts are quite common in the general population and are often accompanied by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, which may be linked to latent glomerulopathies. Delayed diagnosis of glomerular damage inevitably leads to the progression of chronic kidney disease.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To assess the likelihood of hidden glomerular lesions in patients with simple renal cysts.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study involved a group of 78 patients, including 29 men (37%) and 49 women (63%), with renal cysts of classes I and II according to the Bosniak classification (2019). An exclusion criterion for the study was a history of nephrological diseases. The mean age of the patients was 59.11±1.47 years, and the mean cyst size was 7.19±1.98 cm. All patients underwent laparoscopic excision of the renal cyst walls. Intraoperatively, a renal parenchymal biopsy was performed under visual control, and the nephrobiopsy specimens were examined using light microscopy, immunofluorescence analysis, and electron microscopy.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Based on the analysis of 234 nephrobiopsy specimens, morphological signs of glomerulopathy were identified in 20.5% of patients, including diabetic nephropathy (37.5%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (31.3%), mesangioproliferative IgA glomerulonephritis and hypertensive nephropathy (12.5% each), and thin basement membrane disease (6.2%). Patients with glomerulopathy exhibited reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased creatinine and uric acid levels in the serum. Moreover, proteinuria and leukocyturia were more frequently observed in the common urinalysis of this group of patients.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold><bold> </bold>The combination of a renal cyst, changes in urinalysis, and biochemical blood analysis may indicate hidden glomerular injury. Focusing on the markers of renal damage in the preoperative period allows for determining the indications for intraoperative nephrobiopsy during surgical treatment of renal cysts. This facilitates early morphological identification of glomerulopathy and timely initiation of nephroprotective therapy to reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease progression.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Простые кисты почек весьма распространены в общей популяции и часто сопровождаются снижением скорости клубочковой фильтрации, что может быть связано с латентными гломерулопатиями. Несвоевременная диагностика поражения клубочков почки неизбежно приводит к прогрессии хронической болезни почек.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — оценить вероятность наличия скрытых гломерулярных поражений у пациентов с простыми кистами почек.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы</bold><bold>.</bold> Исследование проведено в группе из 78 пациентов, из них — 29 мужчин (37%) и 49 женщин (63%) с кистами почек 1-й и 2-й категории по классификации Bosniak (2019 г.). Критерием исключения из исследования были нефрологические заболевания в анамнезе. Средний возраст пациентов составил 59,11±1,47 года, средний размер кисты — 7,19±1,98 см. Всем пациентам проведено иссечение стенок кист почек лапароскопическим доступом. Интраоперационно выполнялась биопсия почечной паренхимы под визуальным контролем с исследованием нефробиоптата путем светооптической микроскопии, реакции иммуннофлуоресценции и электронной микроскопии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> По результатам анализа 234 нефробиоптатов у 20,5% пациентов выявлены морфологические признаки гломерулопатии: диабетическое поражение — 37,5%, фокально-сегментарный гломерулосклероз — 31,3%, мезангиопролиферативный IgA-гломерулонефрит и гипертоническая нефропатия — по 12,5%, болезнь тонких базальных мембран — 6,2%. Пациенты с гломерулопатией характеризовались снижением скорости клубочковой фильтрации и повышением концентрации креатинина и мочевой кислоты в сыворотке крови. При этом в общем анализе мочи у пациентов этой группы чаще встречались протеинурия и лейкоцитурия.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Сочетание кисты почки, изменений анализа мочи, биохимического анализа крови может быть признаками скрытого гломерулярного поражения. Акцентирование на наличие маркеров почечного повреждения в дооперационном периоде позволяет определить показания для проведения интраоперационной нефробиопсии в ходе оперативного лечения по поводу кист почек с целью ранней морфологической идентификации гломерулопатии и своевременного назначения нефропротективной терапии для снижения риска прогрессии хронической болезни почек.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal cyst</kwd><kwd>glomerulopathy</kwd><kwd>nephrobiopsy</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>glomerular filtration rate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>киста почки</kwd><kwd>гломерулопатия</kwd><kwd>нефробиопсия</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bas O, Nalbant I, Sener C, et al. Management of renal cysts. JSLS. 2015;19(1): e2014.00097. doi: 10.4293/JSLS.2014.00097</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Skolarikos A, Laguna MP, de la Rosette JJ. Conservative and radiological management of simple renal cysts: a comprehensive review. BJU Int. 2012;110(2):170–178. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ryu DS, Oh TH. Laparoscopic decortication of large renal cysts: a comparison between the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech. 2009;9(5):629–632. doi: 10.1089/lap.2009.0008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Mao X, Xu G, Wu H, Xiao J. Ureteroscopic management of asymptomatic and symptomatic simple parapelvic renal cysts. BMC Urol. 2015;15:48. doi: 10.1186/s12894-015-0042-5 EDN: QCXMKX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Floege J, Johnson RJ, Feehally J. Comprehensive clinical nephrology. 4th edit. London: Elsevier Mosby; 2010. 1200 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Terada N, Arai Y, Kinukawa N, Terai A. The 10-year natural history of simple renal cysts. Urology. 2008;71(1):7–11. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.07.075</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Hommos MS, Glassock RJ, Rule AD. Structural and functional changes in human kidneys with healthy aging. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(10):2838–2844. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2017040421</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Chang C-C, Kuo J-Y, Chan W-L, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of simple renal cyst. J Chinese Med Assoc. 2007;70(11):486–491. doi: 10.1016/S1726-4901(08)70046-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Malkhasyan VA, Makhmudov TB, Gilfanov YuSh, et al. Effect of a simple kidney cyst on renal function. Urologiia. 2023;(4):75–81. doi: 10.18565/urology.2023.4.75-81 EDN: WNGWKE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Marumo K, Horiguchi Y, Nakagawa K, et al. Incidence and growth pattern of simple cysts of the kidney in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Int J Urol. 2003;10(2):63–67. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00577.x EDN: BEXFHT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Colvin RB, Chang A, Cornell LD. Diagnostic pathology: Kidney diseases. 4th edit. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2023. 1176 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Zharikov AYu, Shchekochikhina RO. Diabetic nephropaty. Modern view of the problem. Bulletin of Medical Science. 2018;(2):22–28. EDN: XPTVET</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Coresh J, Astor BC, Greene T, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(1):1–12. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Bobkova IN, Bulanov NM, Zakharova EV, et al. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of GLOMERULAR diseases. Nephrology and Dialysis. 2022;24(4):577–874. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2022-4-577-874 EDN: TSNIXO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Simonov PA, Firsov MA, Dunc DA, et al. The role of urological pathology in the development of terminal renal failure. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(10):759–762. doi: 10.26442/20751753.2022.10.201927 EDN: NGTOIS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova LV, Osipova EV. Kidney damage in essential arterial hypertension: pathogenetic issues for early diagnostics. Arterial Hypertension. 2019;25(1):6–13. doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2019-25-1-6-13 EDN: EOOICK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Dobronravov VA, Smirnov AV. Etiology and clinic-morphological presentation of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in Russian population. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2018;22(4):9–17. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2018-22-4-9-17 EDN: XWBYVF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Ismailov IYa, Skvortsov VV Chronic glomerulone-phritis. The Nurse. 2018;20(6):17–20. doi: 10.29296/25879979-2018-06-04 EDN: XWPBZZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Firsov MA, Garkusha TA, Simonov PA, et al. Possibilities of intraoperative laparoscopic nephrobiopsy for diagnostics of latent kidney diseases. Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2023;16(1):188–194. doi: 10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-188-194 EDN: CLHYOC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Bansal N. Prediabetes diagnosis and treatment: A review. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(2):296–303. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i2.296</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Zilov AV. Prediabetes: current state of the problem and clinical guidelines. Effective pharmacotherapy. 2022;18(30):20–26. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2022-18-30-20-26 EDN: NLGMFA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Colvin RB, Chang A. Diagnostic pathology: Kidney diseases e-book. 3rd edit. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Chen C, Liu G, Yu X, et al. Association between prediabetes and renal dysfunction from a community-based prospective study. Int J Med Sci. 2020;17(11):1515–1521. doi: 10.7150/ijms.46477 EDN: KJQUKC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Sursyakova KI, Saf’yanova TV. Several epidemiological peculiarities of incidence of glomerular and tubulointerstitial kidney diseases and urinary tract infections among the population of the Altai Krai. Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2017;(4):6–11. EDN: YNJPFJ</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
