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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Урологические ведомости</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Urology reports (St. - Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2225-9074</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1416</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646259</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/uroved646259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Intestinal microbiota in children undergoing surgery for vesicoureteral reflux</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Состояние кишечной микробиоты у детей с предстоящим оперативным лечением пузырно-мочеточникового рефлюкса</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-7024</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4507-2152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naboka</surname><given-names>Julia L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набока</surname><given-names>Юлия Лазаревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>nagu22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9145-8671</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2155-5534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizonov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизонов</surname><given-names>Владимир Валентинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>vsizonov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-7848</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4761-3726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudima</surname><given-names>Irina А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудима</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>nagu22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-8799</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8493-3957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotieva</surname><given-names>Elizaveta М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котиева</surname><given-names>Елизавета Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>elizaveta.kotieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-8704</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7673-4169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzalagonia</surname><given-names>Ksenia Т.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джалагония</surname><given-names>Ксения Теймуразовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>7kseka7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3979-7510</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anopko</surname><given-names>Anastasia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анопко</surname><given-names>Анастасия Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>anastasiyaan2696@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7701-5064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodina</surname><given-names>Roza А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родина</surname><given-names>Роза Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>rozarodina0208@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-0169</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6300-3241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>Mikhail I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>Михаил Иосифович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки России</p></bio><email>dept_kogan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Rostov-on-Don</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областная детская клиническая больница, Ростов-на-Дону</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-05-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/uroved/article/view/646259">https://journals.eco-vector.com/uroved/article/view/646259</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold> </bold>Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the urinary system in children. In most cases, urinary tract infection (UTI) serves as a clinical prerequisite for identifying VUR. However, a standardized approach to the diagnosis and management of this patient cohort has not yet been established.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study the intestinal microbiota in children with VUR who received antibiotic therapy and antibiotic prophylaxis due to episodes of UTIs.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study included 40 children (12 boys and 28 girls) with VUR and chronic UTIs. All children received antibiotic therapy for acute episodes of infection, and, after the diagnosis of VUR, they also received continuous antibiotic prophylaxis. The control groups included 18 healthy boys and 14 healthy girls. Identification of microorganisms isolated from feces was carried out using generally accepted methods.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> In the feces of children with VUR, aerobic taxa of microbiota dominate over anaerobic ones. Klebsiella spp., Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomona aeruginosa appear in the feces of both boys and girls. An increase in the detection rate of most aerobic microorganisms and a decrease in anaerobic taxa were observed compared to healthy controls. In boys with VUR, the maximum (100%) detection rate of microorganisms is more common than in girls.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> Dysbiotic changes were detected in the feces of all children after antibiotic therapy, providing new insights into the effects of the conventional strategy of long-term antibacterial treatment and prevention of UTIs in children with VUR.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Пузырно-мочеточниковый рефлюкс — один из самых частых пороков развития мочевой системы у детей. В большинстве случаев инфекция мочевых путей становится клинической предпосылкой, указывающей на возможное наличие этого порока. Однако единого подхода к диагностике и ведению данной когорты пациентов до сих пор не найдено.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — изучение кишечной микробиоты у детей с пузырно-мочеточниковым рефлюксом, получавших антибиотикотерапию и антибиотикопрофилактику в связи с эпизодами инфекции мочевых путей.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы</bold><bold>.</bold> В исследование включены 40 детей (12 мальчиков и 28 девочек) с пузырно-мочеточниковым рефлюксом и хроническими инфекциями мочевых путей. Все дети получали антибиотикотерапию по поводу острых эпизодов инфекции, а после выявления пузырно-мочеточникового рефлюкса также непрерывную антибиотикопрофилактику. В контрольные группы вошли 18 здоровых мальчиков и 14 здоровых девочек. Идентификацию выделенных из фекалий микроорганизмов осуществляли общепринятыми методиками.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В фекалиях детей с пузырно-мочеточниковым рефлюксом аэробные таксоны микробиоты доминируют над анаэробными. При сравнительном анализе микробиоты установлено присутствие в биотопе Klebsiella spp., Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomona aeruginosa. Характерно повышение частоты обнаружения большинства аэробных и снижение анаэробных таксонов микроорганизмов в сравнении со здоровыми детьми. У мальчиков встречается максимальная (100%) частота обнаружения микроорганизмов, чем у девочек.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> В фекалиях детей после антибиотикотерапии и антибиотикопрофилактики обнаружены во всех случаях дисбиотические изменения, что открывает новый взгляд на понимание эффектов общепринятой стратегии продолжительного антибактериального лечения и профилактики инфекции мочевых путей у детей с пузырно-мочеточниковым рефлюксом.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vesicoureteral reflux</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>microbial diversity</kwd><kwd>intestine</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пузырно-мочеточниковый рефлюкс</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>микробное разнообразие</kwd><kwd>кишечник</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Miyakita H, Hayashi Y, Mitsui T, et al. 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