<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И. Мечникова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-7116</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-9704</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">636058</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/mechnikov636058</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JAABOR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ten Years of Experience in the Treatment of Enteroatmospheric Fistulas at the Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Десятилетний опыт лечения несформированных кишечных свищей в Санкт-Петербургском научно-исследовательском институте скорой помощи имени И.И. Джанелидзе</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7727-9589</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4323-4555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manukovskii</surname><given-names>Vadim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мануковский</surname><given-names>Вадим Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>sekr@emergency.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9715-5505</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3399-8762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demko</surname><given-names>Andrey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демко</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>demkoandrey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6985-3508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenov</surname><given-names>Kasymkhan K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенов</surname><given-names>Касымхан Кенесариевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Adjunct</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>адъюнкт</p></bio><email>Kasymxan@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-7902</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5287-7599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batyrshin</surname><given-names>Ildar M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батыршин</surname><given-names>Ильдар Муллаянович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>onrush@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8979-2202</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7482-6066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>doctordmitryfomin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-825X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2003-5693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luft</surname><given-names>Valery M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луфт</surname><given-names>Валерий Матвеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>lvm_aspep@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-5300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5559-2460</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pichugina</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пичугина</surname><given-names>Галина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>gal-gal2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-1116</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5716-8130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kelbetova</surname><given-names>Bibigul R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кельбетова</surname><given-names>Бибигуль Рафаэльевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="NF">Norfolk Island</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>bibi.k96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-7909</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8888-4280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>Julia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>Yulia575091@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/636058">https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/636058</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic> Enteroatmospheric fistulas account for 1–2% of all postoperative complications, with mortality ranging from 14–25%. Moreover, in more than 60% of cases they occur in people of working age, which determines the social significance of the problem.</p> <p><italic>AIM:</italic> To present the results of management patients with enteroatmospheric fistulas applying two-stage protocol.</p> <p><italic>METHODS:</italic> The article presents the experience of treating 169 patients with enteroatmospheric fistulas by a multidisciplinary team over the past decade at the Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. The treatment was carried out according to a two-stage differentiated protocol developed on the basis of the SOWATS algorithm. The selection of nutritional and metabolic therapy and local management of laparostomy wounds was carried out taking into account the possibility of fistuloclysis and the type of “open abdomen” according to M. Bjork (2016).</p> <p><italic>RESULTS:</italic> A total of 169 patients were treated. At the first stage of treatment, 63 (37%) operations of preventive enterocutaneus fistulaformation were done. On other indications, 60 more operations were done. During treatment, fistulas closed in 19 (11%) patients, and 20 (12%) patients died, 8 of them from the progression of cancer. In addition, 5 (3%) patients did not undergo reconstructive surgery due to the patients’ refusal of further surgical treatment. At the second stage, 125 patients were operated on. Fistulas were eliminated simultaneously in 112 (90%) patients, the other 13 (10%) required another planned staged surgical treatment. The incidence of severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III–V) was 23% (29), and the overall mortality was 15% (25).</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic> Treatment of patients with enteroatmospheric fistulas should be carried out by an experienced multidisciplinary team in compliance with current standards and approaches.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Несформированные кишечные свищи составляют 1–2% послеоперационных осложнений, при этом летальность варьирует в диапазоне 14–25%. Более чем в 60% случаев свищи возникают у лиц трудоспособного возраста, что определяет социальную значимость проблемы.</p> <p>Цель — представить результаты применения двухэтапного протокола ведения пациентов с несформированными кишечными свищами.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. В статье показан опыт лечения 169 пациентов с несформированными кишечными свищами мультидисциплинарной командой за последнее десятилетие в Санкт-Петербургском научно-исследовательском институте скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе. Лечение осуществляли по двухэтапному дифференцированному протоколу, разработанному на основе алгоритма SOWATS. Нутритивно-метаболическую терапию и местное ведение лапаростомной раны выбирали с учетом возможности фистулоклиза и типа «открытого живота» по Бьерку (2016).</p> <p>Результаты. Всего пролечено 169 больных. На первом этапе выполнено 63 (37%) операции отключения свища. По другим показаниям проведено еще 60 операций. На фоне лечения свищи закрылись у 19 (11%) больных, а 20 (12%) пациентов скончались, 8 из них — от прогрессирования онкологического заболевания. Кроме этого, 5 (3%) больным не выполнены реконструктивные оперативные вмешательства в связи с отказом пациентов от дальнейшего оперативного лечения. На втором этапе прооперированы 125 пациентов. Единомоментно устранены свищи у 112 (90%) больных, другим 13 (10%) пациентам потребовалось еще одно плановое этапное хирургическое лечение по восстановлению непрерывности толстой кишки. Частота тяжелых послеоперационных осложнений (III–V степеней по Клавьен–Диндо) составила 23% (29) — общая летальность 15% (25).</p> <p>Заключение. Лечение пациентов с несформированными кишечными свищами должна осуществлять опытная мультидисциплинарная команда с соблюдением современных стандартов и подходов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestinal fistula</kwd><kwd>open abdomen</kwd><kwd>fistula control</kwd><kwd>laparostomy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечный свищ</kwd><kwd>открытый живот</kwd><kwd>контроль свища</kwd><kwd>лапаростома</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanshin NN. Unformed intestinal fistulas and purulent peritonitis: (surgical treatment). Moscow: Profil; 2007. 157 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каншин Н.Н. Несформированные кишечные свищи и гнойный перитонит: (хирургическое лечение). Москва: Профиль, 2007. 157 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mawdsley JE, Hollington P, Bassett P, et al. An analysis of predictive factors for healing and mortality in patients with enterocutaneous fistulas. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(9):1111–1121. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03819.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mawdsley J.E., Hollington P., Bassett P., et al. An analysis of predictive factors for healing and mortality in patients with enterocutaneous fistulas // Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008. Vol. 28, N 9. P. 1111–1121. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03819.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Islam MS, Gafur MA, Mahmud AA, et al. Clinicopathological study of enterocutaneous fistula in Mymensingh medical college hospital. Mymensingh Med J. 2018;27(3):513–519.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Islam M.S., Gafur M.A., Mahmud A.A., et al. Clinicopathological study of enterocutaneous fistula in Mymensingh medical college hospital // Mymensingh Med J. 2018. Vol. 27, N 3. P. 513–519.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Struchkov VYu, Berelavicius SV. Intestinal fistulas: history and variants of classifications. Moscow Surgical Journal. 2019;(3):62–67. EDN: ZANEZS doi: 10.17238/issn2072-3180.2019.3.62-67</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стручков В.Ю., Берелавичус С.В. Кишечные свищи: страницы истории и варианты классификаций // Московский хирургический журнал. 2019. № 3. С. 62–67. EDN: ZANEZS doi: 10.17238/issn2072-3180.2019.3.62-67</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belokonev VI, Izmailov EP. Clinical variants of gastrointestinal fistulas and their treatment. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2000;(12):36–38. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоконев В.И., Измайлов Е.П. Клинические варианты свищей желудочно- кишечного тракта и их лечение // Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2000. № 12. С. 36–38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ravindran P, Ansari N, Young CJ, Solomon MJ. Definitive surgical closure of enterocutaneous fistula: outcome and factors predictive of increased postoperative morbidity. Colorectal Dis. 2014;16(3):209–218. doi: 10.1111/codi.12473</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravindran P., Ansari N., Young C.J., Solomon M.J. Definitive surgical closure of enterocutaneous fistula: outcome and factors predictive of increased postoperative morbidity // Colorectal Dis. 2014. Vol. 16, N 3. P. 209–218. doi: 10.1111/codi.12473</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarenko TP, Bogdanov AV. Fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract. Moscow: Meditsina; 1986. 144 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаренко Т.П., Богданов А.В. Свищи желудочно-кишечного тракта. Москва: Медицина, 1986. 144 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Björck M, Bruhin A, Cheatham M, et al. Classification – important step to improve management of patients with an open abdomen. World J Surg. 2009;33(6):1154–1157. doi: 10.1007/s00268-009-9996-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Björck M., Bruhin A., Cheatham M., et al. Classification – important step to improve management of patients with an open abdomen // World J Surg. 2009. Vol. 33, N 6. P. 1154–1157. doi: 10.1007/s00268-009-9996-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Björck M, Kirkpatrick AW, Cheatham M, et al. Amended classification of the open abdomen. Scand J Surg. 2016;105(1):5–10. doi: 10.1177/1457496916631853</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Björck M., Kirkpatrick A.W., Cheatham M., et al. Amended classification of the open abdomen // Scand J Surg. 2016. Vol. 105, N 1. P. 5–10. doi: 10.1177/1457496916631853</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panteleev VS, Ishtukov RR, Dorofeev VD, et al. Improvement of treatment of unformed duodenal and high jejunal fistulas. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2017;2(6(118)):142–145. EDN: ZTEHLD doi: 10.12737/article_5a0a8cf22510c8.61983622</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пантелеев В.С., Иштуков Р.Р., Дорофеев В.Д., и др. Совершенствование методов лечения несформированных дуоденальных и высоких тонкокишечных свищей // Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2017. Т. 2, № 6(118). С. 142–145. EDN: ZTEHLD doi: 10.12737/article_5a0a8cf22510c8.61983622</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saveliev VV, Vinokurov MM, Popov VV, Badagueva VV. Therapeutic tactics and results of surgical treatment of unformed high and middle intestinal fistulas in purulent peritonitis. Far Eastern Medical Journal. 2022;(2):10–14. EDN: CQWFYI doi: 10.35177/1994-5191-2022-2-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савельев В.В., Винокуров М.М., Попов В.В., Бадагуева В.В. Лечебная тактика и результаты хирургического лечения несформированных высоких и средних тонкокишечных свищей в условиях распространенного гнойного перитонита // Дальневосточный медицинский журнал. 2022. № 2. С. 10–14. EDN: CQWFYI doi: 10.35177/1994-5191-2022-2-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zharikov AN. Surgical treatment of patients with unformed small intestinal fistulas [dissertation]. Barnaul; 2004.158 p. (In Russ.) EDN: NQNEAD</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жариков А.Н. Хирургическое лечение больных с несформированными тонкокишечными свищами: дис. ... канд. мед. наук. Барнаул, 2004. 158 с. EDN: NQNEAD</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levchik EY. Improvement of methods of surgical treatment of external intestinal fistulas [dissertation]. Yekaterinburg; 2004. 258 p. (In Russ.) EDN: QECTGR</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левчик Е.Ю. Совершенствование методов оперативного лечения наружных кишечных свищей: дис. ... д-ра мед. наук. Екатеринбург, 2004. 258 с. EDN: QECTGR</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortiz LA, Zhang B, McCarthy MW, et al. Treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas, then and now. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017:32(4):508–515. doi: 10.1177/0884533617701402</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortiz L.A., Zhang B., McCarthy M.W., et al. Treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas, then and now // Nutr Clin Pract. 2017. Vol. 32, N 4. P. 508–515. doi: 10.1177/0884533617701402</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–383. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charlson M.E., Pompei P., Ales K.L., MacKenzie C.R. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation // J Chronic Dis. 1987. Vol. 40, N 5. P. 373–383. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doday VA, Borisov DL, Terushkova ZI. Experience in vacuum therapy of incomplete intestinal fistula treatment. Wounds and wound infections. The Prof. B.M. Kostyuchenok Journal. 2016;3(4):24–33. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17650/2408-9613-2016-3-4-24-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Додай В.А., Борисов Д.Л., Терюшкова Ж.И. Опыт применения вакуумной терапии в лечении наружных несформированных кишечных свищей // Раны и раневые инфекции. Журнал им. проф. Б.М. Костючёнка. 2016. Т. 3, № 4. С. 24–33. doi: 10.17650/2408-9613-2016-3-4-24-33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krieger AG. Technical aspects in surgery for acute adhesive intestinal obstruction. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2017;(4):81–84. EDN: YPYJMP doi: 10.17116/hirurgia2017481-84</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кригер А.Г. Технические аспекты операций при острой спаечной кишечной непроходимости // Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2017. № 4. С. 81–84. EDN: YPYJMP doi: 10.17116/hirurgia2017481-84</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher S. Enterocutaneous fistulas. In: Millikan KW, Saclarides TJ, eds. Common surgical diseases: An algorithmic approach to problem solving. New York, NY: Springer New York; 1998. P. 164–167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher S. Enterocutaneous fistulas. In: Millikan K.W., Saclarides T.J., eds. Common surgical diseases: An algorithmic approach to problem solving. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. P. 164–167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demko AE, Batyrshin IM, Shlyapnikov SA, et al. Staged approach in the treatment of patients with enterocutaneous fistulaea. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2020;(11):66–73. (In Russ.) EDN: JYXXLK doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202011166</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демко А.Е., Батыршин И.М., Шляпников С.А., и др. Этапный подход в лечении больных с несформированными кишечными свищами // Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2020. № 11. С. 66–73. EDN: JYXXLK doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202011166</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomin DV. A differentiated approach to the diagnosis and treatment of unformed small intestinal fistulas [dissertation abstract]. Saint Petersburg; 2024. 22 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фомин Д.В. Дифференцированный подход к диагностике и лечению несформированных тонкокишечных свищей: автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. Санкт-Петербург, 2024. 22 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Visschers RG, Olde Damink SW, Winkens B, et al. Treatment strategies in 135 consecutive patients with enterocutaneous fistulas. World J Surg. 2008;32(3):445–453. doi: 10.1007/s00268-007-9371-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Visschers R.G., Olde Damink S.W., Winkens B., et al. Treatment strategies in 135 consecutive patients with enterocutaneous fistulas // World J Surg. 2008. Vol. 32, N 3. P. 445–453. doi: 10.1007/s00268-007-9371-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haack CI, Galloway JR, Srinivasan J. Entercutaneous fistulas: a look at causes and management. Curr Surg Rep. 2014;2(10):1–10. doi: 10.1007/s40137-014-0071-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haack C.I., Galloway J.R., Srinivasan J. Entercutaneous fistulas: a look at causes and management // Curr Surg Rep. 2014. Vol. 2, N 10. P. 1–10. doi: 10.1007/s40137-014-0071-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss G, Meyer F, Lippert H. Infectiological diagnostic problems in tertiary peritonitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2006;391(5):473–482. doi: 10.1007/s00423-006-0071-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss G., Meyer F., Lippert H. Infectiological diagnostic problems in tertiary peritonitis // Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2006. Vol. 391, N 5. P. 473–482. doi: 10.1007/s00423-006-0071-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy J, Hotouras A, Koers L, et al. Establishing a regional enterocutaneous fistula service: the Royal London hospital experience. Int J Surg. 2013;11(9):952–956. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.06.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy J., Hotouras A., Koers L., et al. Establishing a regional enterocutaneous fistula service: the Royal London hospital experience // Int J Surg. 2013. Vol. 11, N 9. P. 952–956. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.06.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee SH. Surgical management of enterocutaneous fistula. Korean J Radiol. 2012;13 Suppl 1:S17–S20. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2012.13.S1.S17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee S.H. Surgical management of enterocutaneous fistula // Korean J Radiol. 2012. Vol. 13, Suppl. 1. P. S17–S20. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2012.13.S1.S17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
