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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И. Мечникова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-7116</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-9704</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642049</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/mechnikov642049</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HVXFRI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научный обзор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Radioresistance of Malignant Neoplasms: Current Understanding of the Role of microRNAs in Overcoming it</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Радиорезистентность злокачественных новообразований: современные представления о роли микроРНК в ее преодолении</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6383-6271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamidova</surname><given-names>Emina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамидова</surname><given-names>Эмина Артуровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurosurg@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1638-3032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakova</surname><given-names>Anastasiia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушакова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Максимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ushakowa.nastya2001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0385-7965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaposhnikova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапошникова</surname><given-names>Ольга Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>logeya@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2069-1548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogochiy</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогочий</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>evgeniy_rogochiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8986-7169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryukhno</surname><given-names>Anna I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брюхно</surname><given-names>Анна Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bryukhno@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7409-1109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karapetova</surname><given-names>Valeria E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карапетова</surname><given-names>Валерия Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karapetova.valeria@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2636-1422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedova</surname><given-names>Esmira E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедова</surname><given-names>Эсмира Эльзамин</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>esmirammv0307@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7889-6574</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buranbaeva</surname><given-names>Firuza Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буранбаева</surname><given-names>Фируза Зуфаровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mingazhevafiruza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4655-6476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aitkulova</surname><given-names>Kamilia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айткулова</surname><given-names>Камиля Радиковна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>tayguzina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7218-8098</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Logvinenko</surname><given-names>Anastasiya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логвиненко</surname><given-names>Анастасия Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>logvinenko-nastasya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6876-6313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironenko</surname><given-names>Yulia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мироненко</surname><given-names>Юлия Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yulia.mironenko.22.09.17@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8290-7910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bdoyan</surname><given-names>Aelita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бдоян</surname><given-names>Аэлита Артуровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aelitabdoyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3245-5976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chimidova</surname><given-names>Darina Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чимидова</surname><given-names>Дарина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dgretly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1088-2843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fursova</surname><given-names>Valentina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурсова</surname><given-names>Валентина Ильинична</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>valyakane@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Social University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный социальный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Orenburg Republican Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Оренбургская республиканская больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-19"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/642049">https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/642049</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Radiation therapy is one of the most common cancer treatment methods, with approximately 50–60% of cancer patients receiving it. Despite the outstanding advances in the field of its application, especially once technology is concerned, significant obstacles still need to be overcome. The main problems of radiation therapy include tumor resistance and damage to healthy tissues, which leads to negative consequences and inadequate tumor control. Manipulations with the microRNA family is considered to be a promising approach for overcoming these limitations.</p> <p>The purpose of the review is to analyze the literature data on the role of microRNAs in the regulation of resistance to radiation therapy in human tumors, as well as to evaluate the possibility of manipulations with microRNAs to overcome radioresistance. The evaluation of the articles was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The search retrieved 2153 publications. The search queries included the following keywords and their combinations: “microRNA”, “cancer”, “oncological diseases”, “malignant neoplasms”, “radiation therapy”, “radioresistance”. The analysis of the literature data shows that microRNAs will play an important role in radiation oncology in the future. The use of microRNAs is likely to be the basis for the development of specialized therapies that will increase radiosensitivity, as well as for predicting the response to radiation therapy. Early studies have shown that microRNAs can be used as biomarkers for predicting and monitoring therapy, providing a more accurate and personalized approach to patient management.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Лучевая терапия является одним из наиболее распространенных методов лечения рака, примерно 50–60% онкологических больных проходят ее курс. Несмотря на выдающиеся достижения в области ее применения, особенно в контексте технологий, все еще необходимо преодолеть значительные препятствия. Основные проблемы лучевой терапии включают опухолевую резистентность и повреждение здоровых тканей, что приводит к негативным последствиям и неадекватному контролю над опухолями. Многообещающим способом преодоления данных ограничений считают воздействие на семейство микроРНК.</p> <p>Цель обзора — проанализировать литературные данные, посвященные роли микроРНК в регуляции резистентности к лучевой терапии в опухолях человека, а также оценить возможность воздействия на микроРНК для преодоления радиорезистентности. Статьи отбирали в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA. В результате поиска извлечено 2153 публикации. Поисковые запросы включали следующие ключевые слова и их сочетания: «микроРНК», «рак», «онкологические заболевания», «злокачественные новообразования», «лучевая терапия», «радиорезистентность», «microRNA», «cancer», «oncological diseases», «malignant neoplasms», «radiation therapy», «radioresistance».</p> <p>Анализ литературных данных показывает, что микроРНК будут играть важную роль в радиационной онкологии в будущем. Использование микроРНК, вероятно, станет основой для разработки специализированных методов лечения, повышающих радиочувствительность, а также для прогнозирования ответа на лучевую терапию. Ранние исследования показали, что микроРНК могут быть применены в качестве биомаркеров для прогнозирования и мониторинга терапии, что обеспечит более точный и индивидуальный подход к ведению пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>oncological diseases</kwd><kwd>malignant neoplasms</kwd><kwd>radiation therapy</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>radioresistance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>онкологические заболевания</kwd><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>радиорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin AD, Bojko AV, Gevorkov AR, Bolotina LV. The current state of radiotherapy in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. 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