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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И. Мечникова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-7116</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-9704</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">80731</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/mechnikov80731</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Coexistent rheumatoid arthritis and hyperuricemia: clinical and immunological features</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-иммунологические особенности сочетанного течения ревматоидного артрита и гиперурикемии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>类风湿关节炎合并高尿酸血症的临床和免疫学特点研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-2051</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6823-5482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurov</surname><given-names>Vadim I.N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуров</surname><given-names>Вадим Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mazurov</surname><given-names>Vadim I.N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honoured Science Worker, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, академик РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honoured Science Worker, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><email>maz.nwgmu@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-7256</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3083-7996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaydukova</surname><given-names>Inna Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайдукова</surname><given-names>Инна Зурабиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gaydukova</surname><given-names>Inna Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>ubp1976@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-0518</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5613-9035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fonturenko</surname><given-names>Aleksandra Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фонтуренко</surname><given-names>Александра Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fonturenko</surname><given-names>Aleksandra Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-ревматолог, старший лаборант кафедры терапии ревматологии, экспертизы временной нетрудоспособности и качества медицинской помощи им. Э.Э. Эйхвальда</p></bio><email>aleksa.fonturenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9344-1304</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5169-5066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkinov</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкинов</surname><given-names>Роман Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bashkinov</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>очный аспирант 3 года обучения кафедры терапии ревматологии, экспертизы временной нетрудоспособности и качества медицинской помощи им. Э.Э. Эйхвальда, врач-ревматолог</p></bio><email>bashkinov-roman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5261-6614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Marianna Semenovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Марианна Семёновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Marianna Semenovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>podagra@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-3639</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8841-5496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Inamova</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Инамова</surname><given-names>Оксана Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Inamova</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный врач, к.м.н., доцент кафедры терапии ревматологии, экспертизы временной нетрудоспособности и качества медицинской помощи им. Э.Э. Эйхвальда</p></bio><email>b25@zdrav.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University nаmed after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">North-Western State Medical University nаmed after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Rheumatology Hospital No 25</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Clinical Rheumatology Hospital No 25</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Mazurov V.I., Gaydukova I.Z., Fonturenko A.Y., Bashkinov R.A., Petrova M.S., Inamova O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Мазуров В.И., Гайдукова И.З., Фонтуренко А.Ю., Башкинов Р.А., Петрова М.С., Инамова О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2021, Mazurov V., Gaydukova I., Fonturenko A., Bashkinov R., Petrova M., Inamova O.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazurov V.I., Gaydukova I.Z., Fonturenko A.Y., Bashkinov R.A., Petrova M.S., Inamova O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазуров В.И., Гайдукова И.З., Фонтуренко А.Ю., Башкинов Р.А., Петрова М.С., Инамова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Mazurov V., Gaydukova I., Fonturenko A., Bashkinov R., Petrova M., Inamova O.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/80731">https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/80731</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> Currently, the negative role of asymptomatic hyperuricemia (HU) in the development and progression of cardiovascular pathology, metabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease is generally recognized. There is not much data in the literature on the effect of HU on the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), therefore, the study of the relationship of HU with clinical, radiological and immunological features of RA seems relevant.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> To study the relationship between HU with the clinical, radiological and immunological features of RA.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold> The data of 262 patients with RA and HU and 262 with RA without HU (comparison group) included in the city register from January 2000 to April 2020 have been analyzed. The information included demographic features (gender, age), diagnosis, presence and duration of HU, duration of observation, disease activity, laboratory, immunological, radiological and functional parameters, therapy of the underlying disease. HU was understood as a recorded ≥1-fold increase in the level of uric acid (UA) in the blood serum &gt;360 mmol/l. The study has been approved by the local ethics committee.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> The data of 524 patients with rheumatoid arthritis for the period from January 2000 to April 2020 have been analyzed. The study included 440 women and 84 men. The average age of the patients was 60.0 ± 13.6 y. The patients with HU have been divided into two subgroups: the first – with the level of UA less than 500 mmol/l, the second — with the level of UA more than 500 mmol/l. The number of males was significantly higher among the patients with high HU than among the patients with low HU and the comparison group. Every third patient had significant structural changes in the joints (radiological stage III-IV) and 98% of the patients had moderate and pronounced functional limitations (functional class 2-3). The patients with HU were older, had more follow-up visits, were observed for a longer period of time, had a lower frequency of radiological progression, a greater number of painful and swollen joints, less often and at a smaller dose had methotrexate and more often sulfasalazine in comparison with the patients without HU (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic></bold> 1) Thus, we can emphasize the negative impact of hyperuricemia on the course of rheumatoid arthritis: if it is present, there are direct (more PJ, SJ) and indirect signs of a more severe course (longer duration of observation and the number of visits). 2) Immunosuppressive therapy is associated with the absence of differences with the generally recognized markers of disease activity (ESR, CRP, DAS28), the immunological profile (RF, ACCP) and the ambiguous relationship with radiological progression and functional insufficiency of the joints, as well as unreliable relationship with a higher frequency of bone density reduction.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование.</italic></bold> В настоящее время общеизвестно негативное влияние бессимптомной гиперурикемии на развитие и прогрессирование сердечно-сосудистых патологий, метаболических нарушений и хронической болезни почек. Однако в литературе недостаточно освещены особенности сочетанного течения гиперурикемии и ревматоидного артрита.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель работы</italic></bold> — изучить взаимосвязь гиперурикемии и клинико-лабораторных, иммунологических, рентгенологических и функциональных характеристик ревматоидного артрита.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы. </italic></bold>За период с января 2000 по апрель 2020 г. проанализированы данные 524 пациентов с ревматоидным артритом, у 262 из которых (основная группа) выявили гиперурикемию — значение уровня мочевой кислоты в сыворотке крови выше 360 мкмоль/л. Остальные 262 пациента вошли в группу сравнения. Основную группу разделили на две подгруппы пациентов с низкой (&lt;500 мкмоль/л) и высокой (≥500 мкмоль/л) гиперурикемией. В исследование включили 440 женщин и 84 мужчины, средний возраст которых составил 60 ± 13,6 года. В статистический анализ внесли сведения о демографических особенностях (пол, возраст) пациентов, диагнозе, наличии и длительности гиперурикемии, длительности наблюдения, активности и терапии ревматоидного артрита, а также его лабораторных, иммунологических, рентгенологических и функциональных характеристиках.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> В подгруппе пациентов с высокой гиперурикемией было больше мужчин, чем в подгруппе с низкой гиперурикемией и группе сравнения. У каждого третьего пациента отмечены значимые структурные изменения суставов (III и IV рентгенологические стадии). У 98 % пациентов обнаружили умеренные и выраженные функциональные ограничения (функциональные классы II и III). Самый большой средний возраст зафиксирован в основной группе. Пациенты с гиперурикемией чаще обращались к врачу, дольше наблюдались по поводу ревматоидного артрита при его меньшей рентгенологической прогрессии и большем количестве болезненных и припухших суставов, реже и в меньшей дозе принимали метотрексат и чаще — сульфасалазин в сравнении с пациентами без гиперурикемии.</p> <p><bold><italic>Выводы.</italic></bold> Гиперурикемия негативно влияет на течение ревматоидного артрита. С ней ассоциированы прямые (большее количество болезненных и припухших суставов) и косвенные (большие длительность наблюдения и количество обращений к врачу) признаки его тяжелого течения. Отсутствие взаимосвязи гиперурикемии с общепризнанными маркерами активности (скоростью оседания эритроцитов, уровнем С-реактивного белка, индексом DAS28) и иммунологическим профилем (ревматоидным фактором, позитивностью по антителам к циклическому цитруллинированному пептиду) ревматоидного артрита, а также ее неоднозначная взаимосвязь с его рентгенологической прогрессией, функциональной недостаточностью суставов и темпом снижения плотности костной ткани вызваны иммуносупрессивной терапией.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><italic><bold>论证。</bold></italic>目前，无症状高尿酸血症对心血管疾病、代谢紊乱和慢性肾脏疾病的发展和进展的负面影响是众所周知的。但文献对高尿酸血症与类风湿关节炎合并病程的特点还不够全面。</p> <p>本研究的<italic><bold>目的</bold></italic>是研究高尿酸血症与类风湿关节炎的临床实验室、免疫学、放射学和功能特征之间的关系。</p> <p><italic><bold>材料与方法。</bold></italic>2000年1月至2020年4月期间，对524名类风湿性关节炎患者的数据进行了分析，其中262名患者（主要组）被发现有高尿酸血症—血清尿酸水平超过360 mmol/L。其余262名患者为对比组。主要组被分为两个亚组，即低（&lt;500 mmol/L）和高（≥500 mmol/L）高尿酸血症患者。该研究包括440名女性和84名男性，平均年龄为60±13.6岁。统计分析包括患者人口统计学（性别、年龄）、诊断、是否有高尿酸血症和持续时间、随访时间、类风湿性关节炎的活动和治疗，以及其实验室、免疫学、放射学和功能特点等信息。</p> <p><italic><bold>结果。</bold></italic>在高尿酸血症亚组的患者中，男性多于低尿酸血症亚组和对比组。每三分之一的患者在关节有显著的结构改变（III和IV影像学分期）。在98%的患者中，发现中度和明显的功能限制（功能II和III级）。 主要组的平均年龄最高。与没有高尿酸血症的患者相比，高尿酸血症患者看医生的次数更多，对类风湿关节炎的随访时间更长，放射学进展更少，关节疼痛和肿胀更严重，服用甲氨蝶呤的次数和剂量更少，服用柳氮磺胺吡啶的次数更多。</p> <p><italic><bold>结论。</bold></italic>高尿酸血症对类风湿关节炎的病程有负面影响。它与直接（更疼痛和肿胀的关节）和间接 （更长的观察时间和看医生的次数）症状有关。高尿酸血症与公认的活动标志物（红细胞沉降率、 C-反应蛋白水平、DAS28指数）和类风湿性关节炎的免疫学特征（类风湿因子，环瓜氨酸肽抗体阳性） 缺乏相关性，以及与它的放射学进展、功能性关节衰竭和骨密度下降速度之间的模糊关系，都是由免疫抑制疗法引起的。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>hyperuricemia</kwd><kwd>uric acid</kwd><kwd>methotrexate</kwd><kwd>leflunomide</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>гиперурикемия</kwd><kwd>мочевая кислота</kwd><kwd>метотрексат</kwd><kwd>лефлуномид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>类风湿关节炎</kwd><kwd>高尿酸血</kwd><kwd>尿酸</kwd><kwd>甲氨蝶呤</kwd><kwd>来氟米特</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lussier A de Medicis R, Marquis L, Menard H. 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