<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И. Мечникова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-7116</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-9704</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">81488</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/mechnikov81488</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Disruption of endothelial glycocalyx in patients with rheumatoid arthritis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Повреждение эндотелиального гликокаликса у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-2217</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAW-1441-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2022-5223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shimanski</surname><given-names>Daniel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиманьски</surname><given-names>Даниэль Анджеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>post-graduate student of the Departmentof Hospital Therapy with a course of Allergology and Immunology named after acad. M. V. Chernorutsky with a clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры терапии госпитальной с курсом аллергологии и иммунологии им. акад. М. В. Черноруцкого с клиникой</p></bio><email>shimanskidaniel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8921-1751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterovich</surname><given-names>Irina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестерович</surname><given-names>Ирина Ивановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>nester788@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-3639</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8841-5496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Inamova</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Инамова</surname><given-names>Оксана Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>b25@zdrav.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1306-5645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trophimov</surname><given-names>Vasilii I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимов</surname><given-names>Василий Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>trofvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-7392</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4251-6056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>nephrolog1985@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-2904</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9550-6270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levykina</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левыкина</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a researcher of biochemical homeostasis laboratory of Nephrology Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимического гомеостаза НИИ нефрологии</p></bio><email>nephrolog1985@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6951-7599</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8367-1246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>Timur D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Тимур Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>tvlasov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Rheumatology Hospital No. 25</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-26"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Shimanski D.A., Nesterovich I.I., Inamova O.V., Trophimov V.I., Galkina O.V., Levykina E.N., Vlasov T.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Шиманьски Д.А., Нестерович И.И., Инамова О.В., Трофимов В.И., Галкина О.В., Левыкина Е.Н., Власов Т.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2021, Shimanski D., Nesterovich I., Inamova O., Trophimov V., Galkina O., Levykina E., Vlasov T.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shimanski D.A., Nesterovich I.I., Inamova O.V., Trophimov V.I., Galkina O.V., Levykina E.N., Vlasov T.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шиманьски Д.А., Нестерович И.И., Инамова О.В., Трофимов В.И., Галкина О.В., Левыкина Е.Н., Власов Т.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Shimanski D., Nesterovich I., Inamova O., Trophimov V., Galkina O., Levykina E., Vlasov T.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/81488">https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/81488</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> Endothelial glycocalyx has an important role in the regulation of endothelial functioning. It is the first to be damaged during the development of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Thinning of endothelial glycocalyx leads to a violation of the barrier function of blood vessels, the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process. In this context, using endothelial glycocalyx assessment for diagnostic and monitoring of diseases is considered of great interest.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> To establish the relationship between endothelial glycocalyx thickness with activity, serological profile and risk factors for an unfavorable course of rheumatoid arthritis.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold> The study included 76 patients from 18 to 65 years of both sexes with rheumatoid arthritis. The perfusion boundary region of endothelial glycocalyx determined using a dark-field microscope has been used as the main indicator for assessing the state of endothelial glycocalyx.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> The obtained results have demonstrated a decrease in the initial endothelial glycocalyx thickness in females in the presence of risk factors for an unfavorable course of rheumatoid arthritis. At the same time, no relationship with the serological profile and endothelial glycocalyx thickness has been found. An inverse correlation between endothelial glycocalyx thickness and syndecan-1 level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate has been found. This confirms the fact that endothelial glycocalyxes are involved in the inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis. Endothelial glycocalyx assessment using dark-field microscopy made it possible to predict the subsequent appointment of pulse therapy with methylprednisolone in the hospital. On re-examination, endothelial glycocalyx thinning has been observed in the presence of unfavorable risk factors for the course of rheumatoid arthritis, in negative to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies patients, or in the absence of response to treatment.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic></bold> The use of dark-field microscopy is unique in its capabilities for intravital and non-invasive assessment of endothelial glycocalyx thickness. It provides important fundamental information deepening knowledge in the pathological physiology of disease. From a clinical point of view, it allows to consider a decrease in endothelial glycocalyx thickness as an additional prognostically unfavorable marker in rheumatoid arthritis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование.</italic></bold> Важная роль в регуляции функционирования эндотелия принадлежит эндотелиальному гликокаликсу, который первым повреждается при развитии аутоиммунных заболеваний. Его истончение приводит к нарушению барьерной функции сосудов и развитию воспалительного процесса. В статье рассмотрено использование оценки эндотелиального гликокаликса для диагностики и мониторинга заболеваний.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель работы</italic></bold> — установить взаимосвязь толщины эндотелиального гликокаликса с активностью, серологическим профилем и факторами риска неблагоприятного течения ревматоидного артрита.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> В исследование включено 76 пациентов с ревматоидным артритом в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет обоих полов. В качестве основного показателя оценки состояния эндотелиального гликокаликса использована пограничная область его перфузии, определяемая с помощью темнопольного видеомикроскопа.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Установлено относительное истончение эндотелиального гликокаликса у лиц женского пола и при наличии у пациента факторов риска неблагоприятного течения ревматоидного артирита. Взаимосвязь этого показателя с серологическим профилем заболевания не выявлена. Обратная корреляция между толщиной эндотелиального гликокаликса и показателями уровня синдекана-1 и скорости оседания эритроцитов подтверждает вовлечение эндотелиального гликокаликса в воспалительный процесс при ревматоидном артрите. Спрогнозировано назначение пациентам пульс-терапии метилпреднизолоном в стационаре. При повторном обследовании истончение эндотелиального гликокаликса отмечено при наличии факторов риска неблагоприятного течения ревматоидного артрита, негативности по циклическому цитрулиновому пептиду и отсутствии ответа на лечение.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Темнопольная микроскопия дает возможность прижизненной и неинвазивной оценки толщины эндотелиального гликокаликса, предоставляя важную информацию как с фундаментальной точки зрения, углубляя знания о патологической физиологии заболевания, так и с клинической — позволяя рассматривать истончение эндотелиального гликокаликса как дополнительный маркер развития ревматоидного артрита.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>endothelial glycocalyx</kwd><kwd>dark-field microscopy</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>endothelium</kwd><kwd>syndecan-1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальный гликокаликс</kwd><kwd>темнопольная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>эндотелий</kwd><kwd>синдекан-1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(9):2569–2581. DOI: 10.1002/art.27584</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aletaha D., Neogi T., Silman A.J. et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative // Arthritis Rheum. 2010. Vol. 62, No. 9. P. 2569–2581. DOI: 10.1002/art.27584</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao RN, Tang L, Xia ZY, Xia R. Endothelial glycocalyx as a potential theriapeutic target in organ injuries. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019;132(8):963–975. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao R.N., Tang L., Xia Z.Y., Xia R. Endothelial glycocalyx as a potential theriapeutic target in organ injuries // Chin. Med. J. (Engl). 2019. Vol. 132, No. 8. P. 963–975. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000177</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee DH, Dane MJ, van den Berg BM, et al. Deeper penetration of erythrocytes into the endothelial glycocalyx is associated with impaired microvascular perfusion. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e96477. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096477</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee D.H., Dane M.J., van den Berg B.M. et al. Deeper penetration of erythrocytes into the endothelial glycocalyx is associated with impaired microvascular perfusion // PLoS One. 2014. Vol. 9, No. 5. P. e96477. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096477</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonald KK, Cooper S, Danielzak L, Leask RL. Glycocalyx degradation induces a proinflammatory phenotype and increased leukocyte adhesion in cultured endothelial cells under flow. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0167576. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167576</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonald K.K., Cooper S., Danielzak L., Leask R.L. Glycocalyx degradation induces a proinflammatory phenotype and increased leukocyte adhesion in cultured endothelial cells under flow // PLoS One. 2016. Vol. 11, No. 12. P. e0167576. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167576</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eickhoff MK, Winther SA, Hansen TW, et al. Assessment of the sublingual microcirculation with the GlycoCheck system: Reproducibility and examination conditions. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243737. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243737</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eickhoff M.K., Winther S.A., Hansen T.W. et al. Assessment of the sublingual microcirculation with the GlycoCheck system: Reproducibility and examination conditions // PLoS One. 2020. Vol. 15, No. 12. P. e0243737. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243737</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov TD, Lazovskaya OA, Shimanski DA, et al. The endothelial glycocalyx: research methods and prospects for their use in endothelial dysfunction assessment. Regional Hemodynamics and Microcirculation. 2020;19(1(73)):5–16. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24884/1682-6655-2020-19-1-5-16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов Т.Д., Лазовская О.А., Шиманьски Д.А. и др. Эндотелиальный гликокаликс: методы исследования и перспективы их применения при оценке дисфункции эндотелия // Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2020. Т. 19, № 1(73). С. 5–16. DOI: 10.24884/1682-6655-2020-19-1-5-16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mel’nikova YuS, Makarova TP. Endothelial dysfunction as the key link of chronic diseases pathogenesis. Kazan medical journal. 2015;96(4):659–665. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17750/KMJ2015-659</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельникова Ю.С., Макарова Т.П. Эндотелиальная дисфункция как центральное звено патогенеза хронических болезней // Казанский медицинский журнал. 2015. Т. 96, № 4. C. 659−665. DOI: 10.17750/KMJ2015-659</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
