Vol 6, No 2 (2018)

In the leaves of European gooseberry 23 compounds have been found, and only 13 of them have been identified by the presence of standards. One of the indicators of the bioavailability of drugs is the distribution coefficient of the substances under investigation between the hydrophilic and lipophilic phases, as well as in various biological fluids. Pectic substances have a preventive effect: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-sclerotic, anti-allergic. The aim of the work is: isolation, identification of phenolic compounds, investigation of the distribution coefficient and the antidislipidemic activity of the pectic substances in European gooseberry leaves (Grossularia reclinata (L.) Mill.). Materials and methods. Degreased raw materials (leaves of European gooseberry) were extracted three times with 40% ethanol by heating for 60 minutes. In the separatory funnel the combined extracts were subsequently treated with chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Isolation of pectin substances from the leaves of European gooseberry was carried out according to N.K. Kochetkov and M. Sinner’s method. When determining the distribution coefficient from organic solvents, diethyl ether and n-octanol, in which the objects under study are readily soluble, have been used. The procedures of the solutions input of the investigated pectic substances and cholesterol solution were separated by a 2-hour interval. After 14 days, venous blood was collected from the animals, followed by the production of serum and determination of the parameters characterizing the state of the lipid-cholesterol blood profile. Results and discussion. As a result of the study of phenolic compounds of European gooseberry leaves, hyperoside, rutin, caffeic acid have been separated for the first time. The data obtained show that for aqueous solutions of pectic substances of European gooseberry, the best distribution from the aqueous layer to the organic layer occurs in n-octanol. When using the pectic substances obtained from European gooseberry leaves, the normalization of the lipid-cholesterol profile in blood was observed in rats in comparison with the animals of the negative control group. Conclusion. By the method of preparative column chromatography, quercetin, hyperoside, rutin, kaempferol, astragaline, and caffeic acid were detected in European gooseberry leaves. It can be assumed that the pectic substances from gooseberry leaves will be better distributed and absorbed in the alkaline environment of intestinal contents. The use of the studied pectic substances from gooseberry leaves promoted the correction of dyslipidemia.

The article deals with the development of ultrasound extraction technology of chamomile flowers. The aim of this work is working out and optimization of ultrasound extraction technology of the sum of flavonoids from chamomile flowers with further determination of the essential oil content in the extraction obtained. Materials and methods. The object of the research is the medicinal plant raw material (MRPM) of chamomile flowers (Chamomillae recutita ores) bought in a pharmacy. The extraction method is a two-level maceration with ultrasound procession of (MRPM). The extraction was performed in the ultrasound bath “Sapphire” of Technical and Commercial Center (TCC) (RMD) of 9.5 l. For the technological process optimal parameters determination of the sum of flavonoid extraction, the orthogonal factorial plan of Type 32 was built. Results and discussion. The following factors’ influence on the extraction process of the sum of chamomile flowers flavonoids have been studied: the size of particles of (MRPM), the quantity of extraction steps, ethanol content in alcohol-water mixture, ratio (MRPM) /extragent, extraction time, media temperature. The regression equations describing the process of ultrasound extraction of chamomile flowers flavonoids at the first and second steps of maceration have been obtained. The following parameters of the technological process of chamomile flowers sum of flavonoids ultrasound extraction have been worked out: for the first step the extraction time was 22 min., the content of ethanol in alcoholwater mixture was 52% at the ratio MRPM/extragent 1:7 and the room temperature; for the second step: the extraction time was 27 min., the media temperature was 61°C at the ratio MRPM/extragent 1:5 (52% ethanol was used as an extragent). The general yield of the flavonoids sum was 97% and that of the essential oil was 81%. Thus, the ultrasound extraction technology of the sum of chamomile flowers flavonoids has been developed and optimized, allowing to obtain extracts with a high yield of the essential oil.

Secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is provided by the use of statins, as well as by the impact on modiable risk factors. Rosuvastatin causes the regression of intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery (CCA), which is signicantly associated with CAD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the change in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with CAD of different gender, and having different number of cardiovascular risk factors, provided that patients attain target levels of total cholesterol (TC<4.0 mmol/l) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C><1.8 mmol/l). Materials and methods. 72 patients with CAD: Stable angina of functional Classes II–III were recruited. They were treated with rosuvastatin, with gradual increase of its dose from 5 to 40 mg daily to attain target levels of TC and LDL-C. Maximum CIMT was assessed at the time of inclusion into the study and after 12 months of therapy. Results and discussion. In conditions of attaining target TC and LDL-C levels, maximum CIMT signi cantly decreased both in men (p=0,006) and in women (p=0,002), the latter had lower CIMT (p=0,03) than men after 1 year of therapy, taking into account no difference in baseline values. The patients who had 2 or fewer risk factors (RF) (hypertension, a family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus were taken into consideration) showed decrease in CIMT (p=0.0001), and those who were characterized by 3 or more RF, showed only lack of its growth (p=0.07). Attained lipid levels in the compared groups of different gender and number of RF did not differ. Conclusion. The study revealed the differences in the change of CIMT in patients with CAD of different sex, and of different number of cardiovascular risk factors. Keywords: coronary artery disease, rosuvastatin, carotid intima-media thickness, gender, cardiovascular risk factor ><4.0 mmol/l) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C<1.8 mmol/l). Materials and methods. 72 patients with CAD: Stable angina of functional Classes II–III were recruited. They were treated with rosuvastatin, with gradual increase of its dose from 5 to 40 mg daily to attain target levels of TC and LDL-C. Maximum CIMT was assessed at the time of inclusion into the study and after 12 months of therapy. Results and discussion. In conditions of attaining target TC and LDL-C levels, maximum CIMT signicantly decreased both in men (p=0,006) and in women (p=0,002), the latter had lower CIMT (p=0,03) than men after 1 year of therapy, taking into account no difference in baseline values. The patients who had 2 or fewer risk factors (RF) (hypertension, a family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus were taken into consideration) showed decrease in CIMT (p=0.0001), and those who were characterized by 3 or more RF, showed only lack of its growth (p=0.07). Attained lipid levels in the compared groups of different gender and number of RF did not differ. Conclusion. The study revealed the differences in the change of CIMT in patients with CAD of different sex, and of different number of cardiovascular risk factors.