Evolution of microcracks in the rock deformation process: X-ray microtomography and discrete element method

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Resumo

In this study, we directly observed microcracks formed in a sample of rock under uniaxial compressive load. Detection of defects in the volume was carried out with the help of X-ray computed microtomography. The peculiarity of the experiments is that a tomographic image of the sample was taken directly under mechanical load. Based on the analysis of tomographic slices, the fractal dimension and relative volume of microcracks were calculated at three stages of loading. Three-dimensional models of the defect structure were constructed to illustrate the change in the morphology of the main crack. Numerical experiments on the fracture of samples of heterogeneous materials have been carried out using the discrete element model. The change in the fractal dimension of main cracks in the process of their growth was investigated. A good agreement between the results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments has been established, which indicates the adequacy of the proposed model and allows in further studies to use it to study the behavior of local parameters that cannot be measured experimentally.

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Sobre autores

Е. Damaskinskaya

Ioffe Institute

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: Kat.Dama@mail.ioffe.ru
Rússia, St. Petersburg

V. Gilyarov

Ioffe Institute

Email: Kat.Dama@mail.ioffe.ru
Rússia, St. Petersburg

Yu. Krivonosov

National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: Kat.Dama@mail.ioffe.ru
Rússia, Moscow

A. Buzmakov

National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: Kat.Dama@mail.ioffe.ru
Rússia, Moscow

V. Asadchikov

National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: Kat.Dama@mail.ioffe.ru
Rússia, Moscow

D. Frolov

Ioffe Institute

Email: Kat.Dama@mail.ioffe.ru
Rússia, St. Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Experimental setup. X-ray optical part of the X-ray microtomograph “MICROTOM”: 1 — source, 2 — loading cell with sample, 3 — detector.

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3. Fig. 2. Distribution of X-ray optical density in the sections of the sample located in the upper, central and lower parts after the first (a), second (b) and third (c) stages of loading.

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4. Fig. 3. Three-dimensional visualization of the microcrack system after three loading stages. Dark gray objects of complex geometric shape inside the sample are the crack that has formed.

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5. Fig. 4. Values ​​of the fractal dimension of the crack system in different parts of the sample after the 1st (black line), 2nd (blue line) and 3rd (red line) loading stages.

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6. Fig. 5. Values ​​of the relative volume of the crack system in different parts of the specimen after the 1st (black line), 2nd (blue line) and 3rd (red line) loading stages.

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7. Fig. 6. Change in voltage on the sample in the computer experiment. The abscissa axis is the normalized time of the experiment. (Tfailure is the moment of time at which the sample was divided into parts).

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8. Fig. 7. Change in the fractal dimension of the main crack in a computer experiment.

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