The Ak-Sug Porphyry Copper–Gold–Molybdenum Deposit, East Sayan: Noble Metal Mineralization, PT-Parameters, and Composition of Ore-Bearing Fluid

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Ore mineralization of the Ak-Sug Porphyry Copper–Gold–Molybdenum deposit formed during three stages: 1) porphyry-copper mineralization with simple sulfides in quartz–sericite and quartz–sericite–chlorite metasomatites, 2) subepithermal Au–Bi–Te–Pd-quartz mineralization in quartz–sericite metasomatites, and 3) intermediate-sulfidation Au–Ag mineral assemblages with selenides, tellurides, and Sb and As sulfosalts in argillisites. Fluid inclusion studies (microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy) of quartz and mineral thermometry (an assemblage of Au and Ag tellurides) showed that porphyry copper and subepithermal mineralization precipitated from hydrocarbon–aqueous–chloride (Na–K ± Fe) fluid with salinity of 20.1–32.8 wt % NaCl eq. at 435–375°C and hydrocarbon–aqueous–chloride (Na–K ± Fe ± Ca ± Mg) fluid with salinity of 7.5–15.0 wt % NaCl eq. at 415–325°C, respectively. The epithermal mineral assemblages precipitated at ∼0.55 kbar from hydrocarbon–aqueous–chloride (Na–K ± Fe ± Ca ± Mg) fluid with salinity of 1.4–12.6 wt % NaCl eq. at 370–200°C. The latest low-temperature (240–190°С) and diluted (3.5–4.9 wt %) fluids are characterized by variations in Na and K chlorides; Fe2+, Fe3+, Ca, and Mg carbonates; and Na, K, and Mg sulfates. The S isotopic composition of the fluid of different mineral assemblages varies from –2.7 to +0.3‰ and suggest that they are derivatives of a single porphyry system. The δ18О values of the fluid of porphyry copper (7.4‰) and subepithermal (7.0‰) stages indicate its magmatic genesis, whereas those of the epithermal stage (from +1.2 to +7.2‰) are evident of mixing of magmatic fluid and meteoric waters (from +0.4 to +5.7‰). Our isotopic data, combined with mineralogical–geochemical peculiarities and formation conditions of ores, provide tracing the principles of the evolution of mineral assemblages, temperatures, composition, and fluid salinity at the Ak-Sug deposit upon the transition from porphyry copper to epithermal stage.

作者简介

R. Kuzhuget

Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: rkuzhuget@mail.ru
667007, Kyzyl, Russia

N. Ankusheva

Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Uralian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: rkuzhuget@mail.ru
667007, Kyzyl, Russia; 456317, Miass, Chelyabinsk oblast, Russia

A. Khertek

Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: rkuzhuget@mail.ru
667007, Kyzyl, Russia

A. Mongush

Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: rkuzhuget@mail.ru
667007, Kyzyl, Russia

Yu. Butanaeva

Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: rkuzhuget@mail.ru
667007, Kyzyl, Russia

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