Vol 104, No 2 (2015)

Modern chambers for finished meat products cooling after thermal treatment are made in general in the form of heatinsulated apparatuses. The chambers with duct air distribution and ductless air distribution are used. In the chambers with duct air distribution the cooled air is supplied through nozzle and slit attachments of the supply ducts that provide a vertical supply of cooled air downright using the effect of the laying on the longitudinal walls out of the product zone with following air motion in the product zone upwards according to the mode of a “reversedirection” flow. At such an air distribution the cooled flows go to the product having equal parameters of distribution that provides equal conditions of refrigeration of products and power inputs reducing. Among the chambers for meat products refrigeration with ductless air distribution the most effective are the chambers with a ceiling air cooler with unilateral air supply. They have the same organization of the cooled air motion as the chambers with duct air distribution: using the effect of the laying on the plane barriers out of the product zone with following air supply into the working zone of the chamber by the mode of a reversedirection flow. Now these chambers are widely used for meat products refrigeration. The method of calculation of air distribution in the chambers of refrigeration of meat products placed on the floor carts is given. The chambers are equipped with ceiling air coolers with unilateral air supply that refrigerate products by the air cross flows using the effect of the laying of incoming air jets (duct systems of air distribution are not applied). The investigations of air distribution under conditions of finished meat products refrigeration after thermal treatment corresponding to the technological recommendations are carried out. The most effective conditions to refrigerate smoked sausages and other meat products are defined. They are: air speed in the product zone, duration of refrigeration, specific power inputs by 1 kg of refrigerated products. The method may be used to calculation of air distribution in chambers for refrigeration of any other products. Keywords: calculation method, ductless air distribution system in the cooling chambers, ceiling air coolers, effect of the laying of incoming air jets, specific power inputs.

We apprehend heat transfer from the body at higher temperature to the body at lower temperature at heat exchange as a fundamental property of environment. But as it is known the direction of a thermodynamical process passing is determined by entropy, and in the case of nonequilibrium heat exchange it may lead to heat transfer in unusual direction. In the thermodynamical system in which a nonmonotonous dependence exists between entropy and energy, for example, when a molecular construction of one of the bodies has a limited number of a quantum state, a spontaneous heat transfer from the body at lower temperature to the body at higher temperature is possible. A theoretical possibility of the inversion of a heat flow direction is shown in the paper. The experiment in the system at limited number of quantum states allowed certifying a dominant importance of entropy when defining the direction of the thermodynamic processes passing as well as the possibility of a practical realization of a heat flow inversion. Keywords: entropy, heat flow direction, spontaneous heat transfer from the body at low temperature to the body at high temperature, magnetic entropy, quantum states of the body.