卷 104, 编号 5 (2015)

This part of the article goes on to describe the new features of reducing the force of resistance to sliding in the ice sports. It presents the results of experimental studies conducted in two stages. The first stage identified by contact angles skate blades after standard preparation and various kinds of additional processing. Results of the first research stage on the experimental stand and the real ice object confirmed hydrophobization blades sliding surface after laser processing, as well as the maximum reduction in the forces of resistance to sliding on the ice samples with polished surface and the subsequent creation of structure “double roughness.” The second stage of testing has determined the range of concentrations of highmolecular compounds in the surface layer of the ice coating, wherein the liquid film in the contact area has a minimum surface tension and adhesion paired with skate selected in the first stage. Analysis of the results of experimental studies has shown that the lowest frictional force on the ice skate observed with minimal contact area between the surface of the blade and the liquid film and minimal molecular interaction forces on the surface. Keywords: structure at “double roughness”, laser processing, sliding friction, lotus effect.

All perishables sold through a retail network and public cutering are transported by intertown and interaurban specialized vehicles (SV). The use of vehicles that don’t provide necessary temperature conditions as well as sanitation norms because of the absence of relevant obligatory requirements to SV and their technical diagnostics may cause significant harm to a man health and life owing to consumption of poor products. According to the Orders of the Ministry of Transport of RF of 30.07.2014 #209211 all operating special vehicles registered according to the established order on the territory of the Russian Federation are subject to an expert estimation of compliance with international norms. The necessity of such estimation is caused by the fact that during exploitation the performances of SV undergo changes that influence negatively the safety of transportation. Necessary requirements to executing heat engineering tests of SV designed to transport of perishable goods are analyzed in the paper. It is shown that the construction of accredited test stations as well as the development of modern operating instructions to conduct heat engineering tests of SV with the aim to give out a certificate on compliance with technological normative documents and with requirements of international agreements are needed. Keywords: perishable goods, intertown and interurban transportation, special vehicles, heat engineering characteristics of refrigerator bodies, international norms.