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编号 4 (2020)
- 年: 2020
- 文章: 11
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/0044-3948/issue/view/8688
Articles
Editorial
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):3-4
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University Astronomy: Studies of X-Ray Binaries at Caucasus Mountain Observatory and SAI Crimean Observatory
摘要
Sternberg Astronomical Institute (SAI) is a world-renown center for education and research. In all 188 years of its existence it established a profound base for astronomy observations and student training. In the end of 1980s SAI disposed of three observatories in Crimea, Uzbekistan (Maidanak Mountain), and Kazakhstan (in Tian Shan near Almaty). In 1993-94, two of them were lost, which was a bitter loss for SAI. That is why SAI applied a great effort to build a new high-altitude observatory in Russia.
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):5-21
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New Horizons of General Relativity
摘要
When General Relativity appeared in the beginning of the XX century it brought a number of revolutionary predictions. However, it than took decades to find observational evidences for most of those predictions. In this review I. D. Novikov tells us how General Relativity evolved from a purely theoretical field to stunning experiments and observational discoveries. The reader will be introduced to black holes, dark energy and still exotic and mysterious wormholes.
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):22-26
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Following the Very Big Burst
摘要
Extremely energetic events are ubiquitous in the sky: among them are supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, galactic collisions and even merging of the cluster of galaxies. However, when asked, which of them is the most powerful, i. e. produces the greatest energy, one is most likely to mention GRBs. The most energetic of GRBs do produce above 1054 erg, which is several thousand times more than supernovae provide. But still - are GRBs the most powerful events in the Universe? It turned out that the answer is - no.
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):27-30
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Mihail N. Pavlinskiy (08.12.1959-01.07.2020)
摘要
60 years ago in 1960 Siberian Institute of Earth Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (SubIZMIR) was founded in Irkutsk within the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Institute became the first-rate scientific center in the field of near-Earth space physics in the East of the USSR and built a remarkable set of research instruments. In 1986 it was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. In 1993 it was renamed and became the Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Now it is the base for the future National Heliogeophysical Complex of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):31-31
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Beneath the Rays of the Star Named the Sun. ISTP is 60
摘要
60 years ago in 1960 Siberian Institute of Earth Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (SubIZMIR) was founded in Irkutsk within the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Institute became the first-rate scientific center in the field of near-Earth space physics in the East of the USSR and built a remarkable set of research instruments. In 1986 it was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. In 1993 it was renamed and became the Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Now it is the base for the future National Heliogeophysical Complex of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):32-44
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The Sun as a Variable Star and Its Magnetic Field
摘要
Magnetic fields, which underlie the observed solar activity’s phenomena, are among the main objects of studies in the Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics, which turns 60 in 2020. Vladimir Ye. Stepanov, the corresponding member of the RAS, did a lot for these studies. In Irkutsk, full-vector magnetometers were built for six observatories in the USSR, German Democratic Republic, and Czechoslovakia, which reinforced scientific contacts and exchange. In the following years, Solar Telescope for Operative Prediction was developed, and its samples were installed at ISTP Sayan and Baikal Observatories, as well as at Mountain Astronomical Station of the Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Kislovodsk and at Solar station in Ussuriysk. It was a great initiative to develop the modern "Solar Service”. The paper is dedicated to some of the results of the group.
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):45-58
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Earth’s Ionosphere with GPS and GLONASS
摘要
Ionosphere is an atmospheric layer, containing a large amount of charged particles, which have a crucial impact upon radiowave propagation. Terrestrial ionosphere is a complex dynamical system, dependent on solar wind, neutral atmosphere, magnetosphere, and the Sun. We examine the opportunities for ionosphere studies, which are provided by such global navigational systems as GPS and GLONASS. These systems gave access to experimental data, which shed a new light upon our ionosphere.
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):59-71
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To the 95th Anniversary of Timur Magometovich Eneev
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):72-87
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The Citizen of the Universe. In Memoriam Boris G. Pshenichner
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):88-93
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Soyuz-1 Crash Flight. Transcript of the talks between Vladimir Komarov and Flight Control Center
Zemlâ i vselennaâ. 2020;(4):94-108
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