No 1-2 (2024)

The author’s proposals dedicated to the optimization of the design process, considering the specific requirements determined by the natural and climatic conditions of the Far North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are disclosed. The authors rely on two methodological approaches: optimization of urban planning policy, on the one hand, and revision of the typology of residential and public buildings for the conditions of the Arctic and the Far North, on the other. The authors have developed and are actively promoting the basic principles of “green architecture” (the buffer principle, the community principle, the compensation principle, the principle of nature-likeness and the principle of vertical transfer). The main objective of this article is to put forward, develop and develop the concept of “thermal zoning”, which inherits the productive typological ideas of the Soviet period. It is shown how the scientific developments of the authors are tested in experimental and competitive design. In addition, specific proposals have been put forward to improve the urban development policy of the Arctic and create a new body that will optimize the activities of designers for the sustainable development of the architectural environment of Arctic cities and settlements.

The article is devoted to the problems of the formation of public buildings in the Republic of Yemen at the present stage. North Yemen has been isolated from global development for many years, which has affected the organization of public infrastructure serving the population. Yemen has a widespread traditional way of life, which has been formed in the country for thousands of years, but in recent decades it has begun to change as a result of cultural interaction with other countries of the world. The article hypothesizes that the formation of public buildings is influenced by the socio-cultural characteristics of the dominant user group. To confirm this hypothesis, an analysis of models of the organization of public life of the population of the Yemeni capital, Sanaa, which is divided into three main groups: the indigenous population of the city, Yemenis who came from other cities and settlements, as well as emigrants – foreign citizens from other countries. The socio-urban planning analysis of Sanaa showed the predominant areas of residence of these population groups, in which the analysis of the features of the functional and spatial organization of public infrastructure was carried out. Objects with functions related to immutable types of activities related to the life support of the population (education, healthcare, consumer services, trade) and objects with leisure functions (cultural, sports and recreation, tourism) are considered. The revealed patterns between the characteristics of a population group and the corresponding functional and spatial solutions of public infrastructure facilities are the result of the article and can be used to more effectively develop new types of public buildings for various districts of Sanaa.

To ensure the deadlines for the implementation of the Moscow housing stock renovation program, it is fundamentally important to use an up-to-date model for the implementation of the program. The presented article is devoted to the development of methods for assessing the dynamics of the duration of the processes of resettlement of residents and demolition of evicted houses under the renovation program. As a solution to this problem, the use of a time series estimation method is proposed. The purpose of the study was to identify quantitative changes in the values of the average duration of the processes of resettlement and demolition of apartment buildings during the implementation of the renovation program, the development and approbation of algorithms for their calculation. In case of positive experience in the application of the developed methodology, it can be extended to use in the study of the dynamics of other processes in the renovation program. Including when assessing the duration of construction of new houses.

The experience of preservation and development of small historical settlements is considered. It’s about ethnographic museums-reserves, open-air architecture museums, ethnoparks, architectural and ethnographic museums, etc. Using the examples of these objects, the approaches and solutions used in their formation and development are revealed. A review of theoretical works on the topic of the publication is carried out. The obtained results of the analysis are presented in the form of a systematized table, which provides brief information about the object, as well as techniques, methods, approaches and solutions used in the conservation and development of these objects and which can be used in the development of the concept of regeneration of small historical settlements. The final part provides a description of all the techniques, methods, approaches and solutions identified as a result of the analysis.

The article considers a special type of objects of estate development in St. Petersburg province – distant estates of the highest nobility in the context of the formation of areas of development of this type from 1703 to 1917. A general tendency of the emergence, development and extinction of manor complexes was revealed, as well as a period of intensive manor construction characteristic of each of the distant counties. The compositional and planning features of the estates of the highest nobility are described depending on the period of their formation. Information on the socio-cultural role of the studied estates in the structure of the surrounding settlements at various stages of their existence is given.

Comprehensive scientific research has been carried out, including laser scanning of the attic space of the Kazan Church in Ustyuzhna (Vologda region), which has much in common with the Smolensk Church in the village of Gordeevka in Nizhny Novgorod, where, among other things, traces of the original decoration of the facades of the church before the rebuilding of the XIX century were found. In the course of field studies in 2023, it was possible to confirm the presence of an internal brick staircase embedded in the ground floor level to an unfinished (but originally intended for construction) bell tower. Illustrations of decorative elements of the facades, now hidden from view and located in the attic space, are presented. Comparison with domestic and foreign trends of the late 17th century and particular features of the construction of the «Stroganov» churches makes it possible to attribute the architectural monument in question to the galaxy of churches built by Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov in the context of the experience of using the order system in Russian church architecture. Based on the given set of features, a conclusion is made about the initial finishing of the facades. Similar to the Smolensk Church, the original surface of the walls of the Kazan Church was, in all likelihood, unplastered chain brickwork with lime-sand grouting.

The purpose of the work is the development and use of digital information models (DIM) of apartment buildings (AB) of standard series of the Soviet period of construction at the stage of operation of the building. The stages and recommendations for the development of standard design DIM AB, requirements for the level of elaboration (detailing) of models are presented. The most common series of ABs in the central part of Arkhangelsk have been identified. With the help of Renga software, models have been developed for 4 standard series of AB. The level of elaboration is determined, on the one hand, by the possibility of using the model as an operational one without modification, on the other hand, by the possibility of refining it by increasing the level of detailing of the elements.

The article is discussed the selection and assessment of factors which gives the impact on effectiveness of construction and installation works in the northern regions. Special emphasis is given to development of planning matrix for the selection of factors and the selection of the most significant factors determined by the method of expert assessments. Based on the results of the study, definitions were given for the most significant factors, taking into account their ranking in accordance with the unified rating scale adopted to bring qualitative and quantitative assessments into one measurement scale. Based on the generalized data of expert assessments on the selected factors influence on the productivity of construction and installation works in the northern regions of Russia (as the main indicator of works efficiency), the multiple regression equation was developed, and there was made an assessment of the ability to predict work productivity based on specific conditions.

Industrial studies of the quality indicators of concrete mixtures (workability, water separation, mortar separation) and concretes (strength, uniformity of concrete in strength) have been carried out, depending on the characteristics of the filler used. The influence of fractionated and non-fractionated coarse aggregate on the properties of concrete mixtures and concretes was analyzed. It was confirmed that the use of fractionated coarse aggregate improves the quality indicators of concrete mixtures and concretes.