The effect of aluminum in its mixtures with ammonium nitrate on the ignition of burning and its transition to convective burning regime

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Abstract

The ignition of normal layer-by-layer burning and its transition to convective burning regime in mixtures of ammonium nitrate with bulk density aluminum are studied. The experiments in a constant-volume bomb with pressure registration were carried out. The porosity of the samples was 0.55–0.59, the particle size of the ammonium nitrate was varied from 20–40 to 250–630 µm, and the aluminum content varied from 8 to 47 wt %. Aluminum of two grades was used: ASD4 and PAP2. It is shown that mixtures are capable to be ignited at the igniter pressure close to or above the critical (minimum) value. The values of the critical pressure of the igniter, the pressure and time at which burning and convective burning occurs for mixtures with different particle sizes of ammonium nitrate and aluminum and different concentrations are measured. The replacement of aluminum ASD4 with PAP2 leads to a significant (by an order of magnitude or even more) decrease in the values of critical pressure and pressures at which the burning and convective burning begins.

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About the authors

V. E. Khrapovskiy

Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: khrapovsky@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. G. Khudaverdiev

Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Radiation Problem of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Email: khrapovsky@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Baku, Azerbaijan

A. A. Sulimov

Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: khrapovsky@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

P. V. Komissarov

Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: khrapovsky@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

S. S. Basakina

Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: khrapovsky@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Diagram of a manometric bomb: 1 – bomb walls, 2 – metal cup, 3 – composition under study, 4 – igniter, 5 – bomb lid, 6 – nichrome spiral, 7 – electrical inputs, 8 – pressure sensor.

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3. Fig. 2. Characteristic records of pressure changes over time in a manometric bomb during combustion of a mixture of 92 wt.% NH4NO3 + 8 wt.% ASD-4 at an igniter pressure close to the threshold – curve 1 (experiment No. 695), below the threshold – curve 2 (experiment No. 693); 3 – curve approximating the pressure drop from igniter combustion.

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4. Fig. 3. Pressure-time diagrams in a manometric bomb for mixtures of 92 wt.% AC + 8 wt.% ASD-4 with the following AC particle sizes: 1 – 20–40 µm (experiment No. 695); 2 – 250–630 µm (experiment No. 692).

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5. Fig. 4. Pressure–time records of a manometric bomb for mixtures of 47 wt.% ASD-4 + 53 wt.% AS with AS particle sizes equal to 20–40 µm (curve 1, experiment No. 669) and 250–630 µm (curve 2, experiment No. 690).

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6. Fig. 5. Change in the dependence of pressure on time during combustion of mixtures of 18 wt.% ASD-4 + 82 wt.% AC (curve 1, experiment No. 661) and 18 wt.% PAP-2 + 82 wt.% AC (curve 2, experiment No. 711).

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7. Fig. 6. Records of pressure time in a manometric bomb during combustion of mixtures containing 18 wt.% PAP-2 + 82 wt.% AS (curve 1, experiment No. 711) and 47 wt.% ASD4 + 53 wt.% AS (curve 2, experiment No. 669). The size of the AS particles is 20–40 µm.

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8. Fig. 7. Change in the threshold pressure of the igniter from the ratio of the surface area of ​​aluminum particles to the surface area of ​​ammonium nitrate granules in a unit volume of the mixture (Sv Al/Sv AC) for samples with dAC = 20–40 μm (curve 1) and 250–630 μm (curve 2).

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