Etiology and classification of gummy smile as a key to successful management and aesthetically good result
- Authors: Volokovaya Е.S.1, Slabkovskaya А.B.2
-
Affiliations:
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia
- Issue: Vol 35, No 5 (2024)
- Pages: 27-31
- Section: Lecture
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/0236-3054/article/view/633279
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-05-04
- ID: 633279
Cite item
Abstract
Smile aesthetics is an important aspect of orthodontic treatment. This review presents data from international and russian studies about gummy smile etiology, classification and available treatment. Given the lack of a unified classification of gummy smile, treatment outcomes may not always be predictable. Based on the analysis of available data about etiology, classification, and treatment options of the gummy smile, it is possible in the future to create a new, more complete system for evaluating smile parameters. This data will help to make more convenient scheme for determining successful management of a patient with gummy smile and obtaining aesthetically good results.
Keywords
Full Text
About the authors
Е. S. Volokovaya
Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia
Author for correspondence.
Email: ivolokovaya@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-5568-1252
Russian Federation, Moscow
А. B. Slabkovskaya
A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia
Email: ivolokovaya@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8154-5093
Professor, MD
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
- Johnston C., Burden D. J., Stevenson M. The influence of dental to facial midline discrepancies on dental attractiveness rating. Eur J Orthod. 1999; 21 (5): 517–22. doi: 10.1093/ejo/21.5.517
- Morley J., Eubank J. Macroesthetic elements of smile design. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001; 132 (1): 39–45. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0023
- Goldstein R.E., Chu S.J., Lee E.A. et al. Esthetics in Dentistry. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2018; 1576 p.
- Magne P., Belser U. Bonded porcelain restorations in the anterior dentition: a biomimetic approach. Berlin: Quintessence Publishing Company, 2002; 406 p.
- Переверзев В.А. Медицинская эстетика. В 2 т. Волгоград: Зацарицынский вестник, 1994; 237 с. [Pereverzev V.A. Meditsinskaya estetika. V 2 t. Volgograd: Zatsaritsynskii vestnik, 1994; 237 р. (in Russ.)].
- Ломиашвили Л.М., Аюпова Л.Г. Искусство моделирования и реставрации зубов. Омск: Полиграф, 2011; 383 с. [Lomiashvili L.M., Ayupova L.G. Iskusstvo modelirovaniya i restavratsii zubov. Omsk : Poligraf, 2011; 383 р. (in Russ.)].
- Туати Б., Миара П., Нэтэнсон Д. Эстетическая стоматология и керамические реставрации. Пер. с англ. М.: Высшее Образование и Наука, 2019; 447 с. [Touati B., Miara P., Nathanson D. Esthetic Dentistry and Ceramic Restorations. Transl. from Engl. Moscow: Higher Education and Science, 2019; 447 p. (in Russ.)].
- Архангельская А.С. Влияние эстетики улыбки на психоэмоциональный статус пациентов с зубочелюстными аномалиями. Автореф. дисс. … канд. Мед. наук. М., 2018; 24 с. [Arkhangel'skaya A.S. Vliyanie estetiki ulybki na psikhoemotsional'nyi status patsientov s zubochelyustnymi anomaliyami. Avtoref. diss. … kand. Med. nauk. M., 2018; 24 s. (in Russ.)].
- Воробьев А.А., Македонова Ю.А., Венскель Е.В., и др. К вопросу о классификации улыбки и ее стоматологических компонентов. Вестник ВолГМУ. 2021; 1 (77): 178–83 [Vorobyov A.A., Makedonova Yu.A., Venskel E.V. et al. Morphofunctional features of a harmonious smile. Vestnik VolGMU. 2021; 1 (77): 178–83 (in Russ.)]. doi: 10.19163/1994-9480-2021-1(77)-178-183
- Рожкова К.И., Слабковская А.Б., Персин Л.С. и др. Оценка восприятия формы центральных резцов верхней челюсти как важного элемента микроэстетики улыбки. Клиническая стоматология. 2019; 1 (89): 16–9 [Rozhkova K.I., Slabkovskaya A.B., Persin L.S., et al. Perception of the shape of maxillary central incisors as an important element of smile microaesthetics. Clinical Dentistry (Russia). 2019; 1 (89): 16–9 (in Russ.)]. doi: 10.37988/1811-153X_2019_1_16
- Иванова О.П. Оценка гармоничности улыбки пациентов с полным отсутствием зубов после реконструкции зубных дуг с учетом индивидуальных краниометрических параметров. Волгоградский научно-медицинский журнал. 2019; 4: 29–32 [Ivanova O.P. Assessment of smile harmony of patients with complete absence of teeth after reconstruction of dental arches taking into account individual craniometric parameters. Volgogradskii nauchno-meditsinskii zhurnal. 2019; 4: 29–32 (in Russ.)].
- Железный П.А., Железная Ю.К., Щелкунов К.С. и др. Эстетика в ортодонтии: учеб. Пособие. Новосибирск: Сибмедиздат НГМУ, 2016; 32 с. [Zheleznyi P.A., Zheleznaya Yu.K., Shchelkunov K.S. et al. Estetika v ortodontii: ucheb. Posobie. Novosibirsk: Sibmedizdat NGMU, 2016; 32 р. (in Russ.)].
- Sarver D.M. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001; 120 (2): 98–111. doi: 10.1067/mod.2001.114301
- Mercado-Garcia J., Rosso P., Gonzalvez-Garcia M. et al. Gummy Smile: Mercado-Rosso Classification System and Dynamic Restructuring with Hyaluronic Acid. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2021; 45 (5): 2338–49. doi: 10.1007/s00266-021-02169-8
- Tjan A.H., Miller G.D., The J.G. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent. 1984; 51 (1): 24–8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3913(84)80097-9
- Silberberg N., Goldstein M., Smidt A. Excessive gingival display – etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Quintessence Int. 2009; 40 (10): 809–18.
- Crispin B.J., Watson J.F. Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part I: Anterior tooth visibility. J Prosthet Dent. 1981; 45 (3): 278–82. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(81)90388-7
- Vig R.G., Brundo G.C. The kinetics of anterior tooth display. J Prosthet Dent. 1978; 39 (5): 502–4. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3913(78)80179-6
- Gopinath Rao A., Prasad Koganti V., Kodangala Prabhakar A. et al. Modified lip repositioning: A surgical approach to treat the gummy smile. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015; 19 (3): 356–9. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.152400
- Willmar K. On Le Fort I Osteotomy. A Follow-up Study of 106 Operated Patients with Maxillo-Facial Deformity. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 1975; 4 (1): 69–70. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.1975.0052
- Hunt O., Johnston C., Hepper P. et al. The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings. Eur J Orthod. 2002; 24 (2): 199–204. doi: 10.1093/ejo/24.2.199
- Marek I., Starosta M. Types of gummy smile and their solution. Book of abstracts, 79th Congress of EOS, 10–14 June 2003, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Pavone A.F., Ghassemian M., Verardi S. Gummy Smile and Short Tooth Syndrome – Part 1: Etiopathogenesis, Classification, and Diagnostic Guidelines. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2016; 37 (2): 102–7.
- Александрова О.В. Взаимосвязь формы уздечки верхней губы с десневой улыбкой и внутриротовой патологией. Пародонтология. 2022; 27 (4): 336–42 [Aleksandrova O.V. The relationship between the shape of the maxillary labial frenulum and a gummy smile and intraoral pathology. Parodontologiya. 2022; 27 (4): 336–42 (in Russ.)]. doi: 10.33925/1683-3759-2022-27-4-336-342
- Chu S.J., Karabin S., Mistry S. Short tooth syndrome: diagnosis, etiology, and treatment management. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2004; 32 (2): 143–52.
- Padmakar Mate P., Nilesh K., Joshi A. et al. Clinical and electromyographic evaluation of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of gummy smile: A prospective clinical study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2021; 15 (2): 122–8. doi: 10.34172/joddd.2021.021
- Ahmed Abdullah W., Khalil H.S., Alhindi M.M. et al. Modifying gummy smile: a minimally invasive approach. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2014; 15 (6): 821–6. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1625
- Bastidas J.A. Surgical Correction of the "Gummy Smile". Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2021; 33 (2): 197–209. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.01.005
- Lin J., Liou E., Bowman S. Simultaneous reduction in vertical dimension and gummy smile using miniscrew anchorage. J Clin Orthod. 2010; 44 (3): 157–70.
- Mazzuco R., Hexsel D. Gummy smile and botulinum toxin: a new approach based on the gingival exposure area. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010; 63 (6): 1042–51. DOI: 10.1016/j. jaad.2010.02.053
- Ходжаева М.Ю., Фуркатова С.Ф., Шухратова М.Ш.К. Биохимические изменения в организме человека при применении ботулотоксина. Cб. ст. XV Междунар. научно-практ. конф. European Scientific Conference. 2019; с. 17–20 [Khodzhaeva M.Yu., Furkatova S.F., Shukhratova M.Sh.K. Biokhimicheskie izmeneniya v organizme cheloveka pri primenenii botulotoksina. Cb. st. XV Mezhdunar. nauchno-prakt. konf. European Scientific Conference. 2019; рр. 17–20 (in Russ.)].