Vol 27, No 8 (2016)

The diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in children is an interdisciplinary problem, as specialists of different profiles are involved in the detection of tuberculosis in the general health network. The risk factors of tuberculosis, its clinical manifestations, outcomes, and diagnostic features are considered.

The paper presents the state of pyelocaliceal and ureteral dilatation of a mother and her fetus. It describes morphological and anatomic changes in the urinary tract of pregnant women. Much attention is given to dilatation of the maternal and fetal renal collecting system. The paper reflects the importance of targeted scanning of the fetal kidney throughout pregnancy; it shows association of pyeloectasia with aneuploidy, particularly trisomy 21 and renal pathology, as confirmed in postnatal period, and the relationship between fetal pyeloectasia and maternal pyelocaliceal dilatation; and demonstrates the importance of ultrasound screening.

The paper summarizes data on the therapeutic diets used in sick patients from the results of studies by the distinguished Russian dietitians M.I. Pevzner, Yu.K. Polteva, I.M. Vorontsov, A.V. Vorontsov, A.V. Mazurin, K.S. Ladodo et al.

Single-stage adenoidectomy during endoscopic rhinosinus surgery can enhance the efficiency and safety of treatment in children.

50 adolescent girls with a regular menstrual cycle (Group 1) and 50 with an irregular one (Group 2) were examined. The groups did not statistically significantly differ in mean age at the time of examination (15.42±0.25 and 15.52±0.3 years, respectively) and in mean age at menarche (12.72±0.34 and 12.73±0.33 years). The volume of the uterus was almost the same. The girls with an irregular menstrual cycle showed increases in body mass index (19.73±1.74 kg/m2 in Group 1 and 21.63±3.44 kg/m2 in Group 2) and ovarian volume.

The paper gives the data available in the literature on congenital hyperinsulinism and a clinical case of a male infant within the first 1 month of life with hyperinsulinism in the presence of hypertrophy of the islets of Langerhans and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome. It discusses the genetic and clinical aspects of the disease and laboratory and morphological changes.

The paper describes the etiology and pathogenesis of and clinical and diagnostic criteria for osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and analyzes treatment options for OA of the TMJ.

The paper considers how micronutrients (Mg, vitamins B1, B2, B5, Bs, Bg, B12, and C) affect the formation of stress resistance through involvement in the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous substances. A conjunction of these micronutrients that affect the formation of stress resistance with sedative components of natural origin is a rational combination of preventive actions to minimize the damaging influence of environmental stressors on the human body.

The use of ivabradine in the 12-week combination therapy of chronic heart failure in patients with Grades II and III diastolic dysfunction, an ejection fraction of >50%, and a heart rate (HR) of >70 beats per minute improves left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the presence of achieved target HR.

Children aged less than 7 years with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis are found to have echo-graphic phenomena of sludge and cholangiosludge. The younger the child and the higher degree of toxicosis with exicosis, the more frequently the phenomena that are specific for certain rotavirus strains are detected.

The paper gives the opinion of the heads of health facilities as to readiness for measures for the prevention and early detection of noncommunicable diseases, as well as the risk factors of their development in the outpatient settings.