Significance of glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense enzymes in the functional activity of the human placenta


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Abstract

Objective. To study the antioxidant system in the central and peripheral placental segments in miscarriage and to assess the contribution of a glutathione component of placental antioxidant defense to the mechanism of pathogenesis of its dysfunction. Subjects and methods. Placental tissue samples from women whose pregnancies spontaneously and prematurely stopped at less than 36 weeks’ gestation were destroyed and centrifuged at 4°C. Placental tissues from women with physiological pregnancy resulting in full-term childbirth served as a control. Total antioxidant activity, the content of nonprotein thiol groups, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase activities were determined in the supernatants. Results. In the women with spontaneous miscarriage, the placental content of nonprotein SH groups was shown to decrease whereas the placental activity of glutathione peroxidase peaked in the first trimester and was 1.5-fold higher than that in the women with physiological pregnancy during gestation. The activity of glutathione transferase during physiological pregnancy increased from 24.04±8.11 μМ GS-2.4-DNB/min mg protein (the first trimester) to 55.85±6.44 μM GS-2.4-DNB/min mg protein (the center of the placenta) and 55.98±5.07 μM GS-2.4-DNB/min mg protein (the periphery of the placenta) (the third trimester). In miscarriage, the activity of glutathione transferase in the first trimester was similar to that in the control group and remained low throughout pregnancy. A model has been created to calculate premature miscarriage index, whose key role is played by the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase in the central segment of the placenta. Conclusion. The antioxidant capacity of the glutathione-dependent component of antioxidant defense in the placenta in spontaneous premature miscarriage was decreased due to impaired balance in the universal processes of glutathione metabolism. The given model of predicting miscarriage allows for considering the central regions of the placenta to be the most important segments that are responsible for its functional activity.

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About the authors

Valentina Mihailovna Prokopenko

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Saint Petersburg State University

Email: vmp47@mail.ru
Dr. Sci, the senior research assistant of laboratory biochemistry

Natalia Grigorievna Pavlova

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Email: iagmail@ott.ru
MD, professor the principal of laboratory of physiology and a pathophysiology of a fetus with unit of ultrasonic diagnostics

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