Impact of prenatal exposure to benz[a]pyrene, styrene, and formaldehyde on birth weight in relation to detoxification system gene


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Abstract

Objective. To reveal an association between prenatal exposure to benz[a]pyrene, styrene, formaldehyde, maternal genotype, and infant birth weight. Subjects and methods. The population-based cross-sectional study recruited 166 puerperas randomly selected from a population of pregnant women who had admitted to Chita maternal hospitals and given birth to a baby at more than 35 weeks’ gestation. The inclusion criteria were their age of 20 to 40 years and at least 5-year residence in Chita. Women with fetal malformations and multiple pregnancy were excluded. The levels of benz[a]pyrene and formaldehyde in serum from puerperas and in umbilical cord blood from newborns were determined using high performance liquid chromatography, the content of styrene was estimated by gas chromatography. Detoxification genotypes were defined by real-time PCR. Results. There was a significant inverse correlation between neonatal weight and the level of benz[a]pyrene, styrene, and formaldehyde in the maternal blood and that of benz[a]pyrene and styrene in the neonatal blood. The neonatal weight was higher with the lower levels of benz[a]pyrene in the maternal blood and in the neonatal umbilical cord blood provided that there was GSTP1A allele c.313 A>G, SULT1A1 G allele c. 404 G>A, CYP1A1 T allele c. 1189 T>C, and MTR A allele c. 2756A>G. Weight was also related to the content of styrene and was significantly lower in the presence of CYP1A1 C allele c. 1189 T>C, MTHFR allele T c. 677 C>T, and MRT G allele c. 2756 A>G. In case of higher formaldehyde levels, the neonatal weight was considerably lower in the presence of NAT2 C allele c. 341 T>C. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the allelic status of the genes of the xenobiotic transformation system (GSTP1 c.313 A>G, EPHX1 c.337 T>C, NAT2c.341 T>C, SULT1A1 c.404 G>A, and CYP1A1 c.1189 T>C), antioxidant defense (GPX1 c.599 C>T), and folate metabolism (MTHFR c.677 C>Tand MTR c.2756A>G) in the development of fetal growth retardation. On entering the body, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are first activated with cytochrome enzymes, CYP1A1 in particular, and then inactivated with glutathione transferases, GSTM1 and GSTP1 in particular. The combination of highly active CYP1A1 genotype with defective GST types may substantially increase the risk of birth of low birthweight babies.

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About the authors

Elena Victorovna Kazantseva

Chita State Medical Academy

Email: kalevi@yandex.ru
M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Nataliya Vitalievna Dolgushina

Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: n_dolgushina@oparina4.ru
M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., Head of R&D Department

Andrey Evgenievich Donnikov

Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: a_donnikov@oparina4.ru
M.D., Ph.D., Senior Researcher of Molecular-Genetic Laboratory

Lev Alexandrovich Bednyagin

M. Yu. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: levbed@mail.ru
student of the department of fundamental medicine

Elena Eugenievna Baranova

Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: baranova.gen@gmail.com
M.D., Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics

Pavel Petrovich Tereshkov

Chita State Medical Academy

Email: tpp69l5@mail.ru
PhD

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