Vitamins and trace elements in the prevention of minor malformations


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Abstract

Objective. To analyze the relationship between the provision of vitamins and trace elements during pregnancy and the so-called minor malformations Material and methods. The review presents the results of a systematic analysis of foreign and Russian studies of the associations between trace element deficiencies and the pathogenesis, incidence, and severity of fetal congenital malformations (CMFs). Results. Trace element deficiencies during pregnancy are associated with obvious CMFs (syndactyly and other limb defects, impaired dentition, hernias, etc.) and CMF that manifested itself in early childhood (congenital heart defects, defects of the ureter, gallbladder, etc.). An analysis has shown that folates fall far short of being not the only trace element that is needed to prevent malformations, including the so-called minor ones (defects of the limbs, teeth, etc.). For example, zinc that regulates the activity of more than 1200 zinc-dependent proteins, as well as vitamin A and vitamin PP have no less an important role to play in the prevention of defects of dentition, fingers, auricles, lungs, diaphragm, and gallbladder. Deficiencies of zinc, vitamins A, E, D, and C and any of the B vitamins (including folates, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin) stimulate the development of both minor and major malformations. Conclusion. The data from basic researches and evidence-based medicine indicate that it is necessary to mandatorily use vitamin-mineral complexes, including all the above trace elements, for the effective primary prevention of any fetal malformations.

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About the authors

Olga Alekseevna Gromova

Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: unesco.gromova@gmail.com
MD, professor

Ivan Yurievich Torshin

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

candidate of physic-mathematical sciences, associate professor

Nana Kartlosovna Tetruashvili

Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: tetrauly@mail.ru
Doctor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Pregnancy Loss Prevention and Therapy

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