Clinical significance of placental lesions


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Abstract

To analyze the data available in the literature on the causes of placental lesions and their role in the development of fetal and maternal complications. The paper gives literature data on major vascular disorders and inflammatory changes in the placenta. The vascular disorders are divided into two subgroups: maternal blood flow disorders and fetal blood flow disorders. The paper presents the characteristics of histological changes in blood vessels and villous lesions in the placenta, which are caused by diminished maternal vascular perfusion and impaired fetal blood flow. It is emphasized that the exact location of a lesion, as well as the form, stage, and degree of inflammation should be indicated when placental inflammatory and immune processes are identified. Morphologically detected placental lesions are noted to be of clinical significance for the mother and fetus, which include fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, preterm labor, brain injuries, fetal respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, and congenital anomalies in a newborn baby.

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About the authors

Aleksandr I. Shchegolev

National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: ashegolev@oparina4.ru
MD, professor, head of the Department of Morbid Anatomy

Vladimir N. Serov

National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: v_serov@oparina4.ru
MD, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief researcher

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