Analysis of the structure and prevalence of trophoblastic disease in the Kursk region (1988-2018)

Aim. This study aimed to analyze the structure and prevalence of trophoblastic disease in the Kursk region between 1988 and 2018. Material and methods. During the thirty-year period, 902 cases of trophoblastic disease were diagnosed, of which 695 (77%) patients had benign forms of trophoblastic neoplasia (DTN), transitional forms of the disease (invasive cystic drift) in 134patients (15%), and malignant forms (ZTN) in 72 (8%) women. Results. Gestational trophoblastic disease is a group of conditions with varying risk of malignant transformation which can occur either during pregnancy or after birth. The role of some risk factors in the development of trophoblastic disease has been actively debated in the medical literature. Among risk factors that might increase a woman’s chance of developing gestational trophoblastic disease are early first pregnancy, parity, impaired immunity, nutritional deficiencies of vitamins A and C, and proteins, pelvic inflammatory diseases, genetic predisposition, maternal age, and history of molar pregnancy. There is plenty of research evidence regarding the harmful effects of chemical, physical and biological technogenic factors that increase the risk of developing cancer. Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of technogenic risk factors among the population living within the boundaries of radioactive contamination zones can contribute to the targeted implementation of preventive measures for the timely diagnosis of clinically atypical forms of trophoblastic neoplasias and their malignant variants.

trophoblastic neoplasia, risk factors, cancer incidence