Severe pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction: longterm projections for mother and offspring

Objective. To determine the impact of severe preeclampsia on peri- and neonatal outcomes, long-term prognosis for mother and offspring. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study including 123 women who had preeclampsia during a current pregnancy. 83 women had severe preeclampsia (PE) and 31 women of them had fetal growth restriction (FGR), the other 40 women had mild PE. The study also included their children who was born between 2012 and 2019. The women were followed for 5-7 years and their infants - for the first year of life. Results.The analysis of neonatal complications revealed statistically significant differences between the groups with severe and mild PE: respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns - 57.8% and 5%; congenital infectious and inflammatory diseases - 60.2% and 10% including congenital pneumonia in 59.03% and 7.5%. respectively; asphyxia - 18.1% and 7.5%; intraventricular hemorrhage -27.7% and 5%; cutaneous hemorrhagic syndrome -31% and 7.5%, respectively (p<0.05). In the first year of life, children from the group of severe PE had the most negative outcomes. Thus, cerebral palsy (CP) (OR=1,7), speech delay (OR=1,5) and neurotic reactions (OR=1,7), visual disorders (OR=3,2) were most common in this group. Conclusion. Women who had severe early preeclampsia during pregnancy had a threefold risk of developing hypertension and a twofold risk of metabolic syndrome compared to the control group 5-7 years after delivery. Morbidity and mortality of children were significantly higher in the group with severe early preeclampsia compared to mild PE.

severe preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, neonatal outcomes, wait-and-see obstetric tactics for pregnancy management, long-term prognosis for offspring