RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIPID METABOLISM AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS


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Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) that currently has an increasingly pronounced tendency to increase is an urgent problem in modern health care. GDM is a risk factor for the development of chronic metabolic diseases and cardiovascular pathology in mothers and their offspring, and it is a cause of adverse perinatal outcomes and neonatal mortality. There are more and more data on the molecular mechanisms of GDM in world literature; however, most of them remain unsystematized. In this connection, the investigators analyzed Russian and foreign literature on the problem of lipid metabolism in GDM and studied a number of molecular and cellular determinants of insulin resistance in pregnancy, which are associated with lipid metabolism disorders, as well as the role of free fatty acids in the development of lipid metabolism disorders. This review presents the relationship between the formed insulin resistance in GDM and free fatty acids, as well as regulators of adipogenesis, such as PPARγ, FABP4, FAS, and Pref-1. There was a correlation of changes in the indices among themselves, as well as with pregnancy outcomes in experimental models. Conclusion: Despite an abundance of information on this topic, the relationship between adipogenesis and insulin resistance has not been fully explored. There is a need for further investigation of PPARy, FABP4, FAS, and Pref-1 as possible practically applicable molecular and cellular biomarkers for GDM and long-term consequences in the woman and fetus.

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About the authors

Victoria A. AFONINA

A.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood, Ministry of Health of Russia; Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: ezhevika23023@yandex.ru
Postgraduate Student at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatology, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Ivanovo, Russia

Natalia V. BATRAK

Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: batrakn@inbox.ru
PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Genetics Ivanovo, Russia

Anna I. MALYSHKINA

A.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood, Ministry of Health of Russia; Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: ivniimid@inbox.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Director, V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Genetics, Ivanovo State Medical Academy Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Ivanovo, Russia

Natalia Yu. SOTNIKOVA

A.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood, Ministry of Health of Russia; Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: ivniimid@inbox.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor at the Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Ivanovo, Russia

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