Polymorphisms of folate cycle enzyme genes: prevalence, relationships to the plasma level of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12


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Abstract

Objective: To study the distribution of genotypes of the main genes that control the functions of folate cycle enzymes, such as MTHFR-677C>T, MTHfR-1298A>C, MTR-2756A>G, MTRR-66A>G in the Russian population and to analyze their relationship to the plasma level of folates, homocysteine, vitamin B12. Materials and methods: An observational study was conducted in an outpatient setting, which enrolled 194 women aged 20 to 38 years, who had sought advice for pregravid preparation. The polymorphic loci of MTHFR-677C>T, MTHFR-1298A>C, MTR-2756A>G, MTRR-66A>G were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis. The levels of folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 were quantitatively analyzed by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The oftware package of IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and computing environment R 4.0.5 were used for statistical processing. Results: The prevalence of genotypes in the examined women was as follows: MTHFR-677CT (48.5%), MTHFR-1298AC (27.3%), MTR-2756AG (32.5%), MTRR-66AG (68.6%), MTHFR-677TT(7.7 %), MTHFR-1298CC (12.9%), MTR 2756GG (15%), and MTRR-66GG (4.1%). It was statistically significantly established that the genotypes MTHFR-677TTand MTR 2756GG were associated with the low mean levels of folates (3.6±0.3 and 4.3±0.3 ng/ml, respectively), vitamin B12 (124.3 ±4.0 and 136.8±1.0pg/ml, respectively) and with the high mean level of homocysteine (15.1±0.2 and 15.2±0.3 iimol/l, respectively); the genotypes MTHFR-1298CC, MTHFR-1298AC, MTR-2756AG, and MTRR-66GG were related to the low level of folates (3.5±0.2, 5.6±0.4, 5.8±0.3, and 4.5±0.6 ng/ml, respectively) and to the elevated level of homocysteine (15.3±0.2, 14.3±0.3, 13.5±0.3, and 14.4±0.6imol/l, respectively). Conclusion: The findings indicating the prevalence of polymorphisms in the genes of the folate cycle enzymes in the study participants are similar to the global general population indicators. The genotypes MTHFR-677TT and MTR-2756GG are associated with the elevated level of homocysteine and the reduced levels of folates and vitamin B12; the genotypes MTHFR-1298CC, MTHFR-1298AC, MTR-2756AG, and MTRR-66GG are related to the low level of folates and to the elevated level of homocysteine. The presented data can be taken into account when predicting the risks of obstetric complications and designing a personalized micronutrient support regimen.

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About the authors

Evgenia V. Shikh

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

Email: shikh_e_v@staff.sechenov.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine

Anna V. Putintseva

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

Email: putintseva@list.ru
PhD student of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine

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