Comparative analysis of stillbirth causes and rates in the Russian Federation in 2019 and 2020


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Abstract

Aim: To make a comparative analysis of causes and rates of early neonatal mortality in the Russian Federation in 2019 and 2020. Materials and methods: This study was based on the analysis of statistical forms A-05 of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) for the years 2019-2020. These forms included medical records of perinatal deaths related to stillbirths. Stillbirth rates were calculated as the ratio of stillbirths to the total number of babies born alive and dead multiplied by 1000. Results: In 2020, the number of babies born alive decreased by 7.6%, and the number of babies born dead increased by 1.12% versus the data reported in 2019. In 2020, the rate of stillbirth (5.67%o) increased by 4.2% versus the rate in 2019 (5.44%). Most of all, the increase in stillbirths was noted in the South and Siberian Federal Districts. In general, the most common causes of stillbirths in the Russian Federation were respiratory disorders: the number of antenatal hypoxia was 78.2 (80.5%) and fetal intrapartum hypoxia was 6.7 (5.0%) of total number of stillbirths in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The proportion of congenital anomalies as the main disease was 6.7 (5.4%) of total number of stillbirths in 2019 and 2020, respectively. It was noted, that the number of stillborn babies with unknown causes of death increased by 52.2% in 2020 (4.7% of total number of stillborn babies) versus 2019 (3.1% of total number of stillborn babies)). Significant differences between the rates of major diseases that caused stillbirths were registered in different Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. Conclusion: According to Rosstat data, in 2020 (due to COVID-19 pandemic), the absolute number of babies born dead increased by 1.1% and the rate of stillbirths increased by 4.2% compared to 2019. Increased proportion of respiratory diseases, in particular, antenatal hypoxia and congenital pneumonia, reflects the direct and indirect effects of SARS- CoV-2 infection.

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About the authors

Alexander I. Shchegolev

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: ashegolev@oparina4.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the 2nd Pathology Department

Uliana N. Tumanova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: u.n.tumanova@gmail.com
PhD. in medical sciences, Leading Researcher at the 2nd Pathology Department

Andrey A. Chausov

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Head of the Information and Analytical Center of the Department of Regional Cooperation and Integration

Marina P. Shuvalova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

PhD. in medical sciences, Associate Professor, Deputy Director - Head of the Department of Regional Cooperation and Integration

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