Predictors of infertility

Infertility is a disease characterized by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual life. Infertility tends to become another pandemic of the modern world. According to some estimates, the frequency of infertile marriages ranges 10–25% (from 48 to 180 million). Such couples face adverse consequences for physical and mental health, financial difficulties, a serious social stigma, an increased risk of domestic violence, and instability in marriage. The evaluation of the female factor infertility has been traditionally the driving force in the examination of infertility.

Although men and women are equally susceptible to infertility; however, women bear a greater social burden, especially in the societies where identity and social value are closely related to the ability to give birth to babies. The age-related decline in female fertility is of serious concern; moreover, the decision about pregnancy is frequently made at a later age. Therefore, the study of the causes of infertility development is extremely important and a review of the current studies on this topic seems relevant. This review considers the most common causes of infertility, such as ovulatory dysfunctions, male infertility, tubal diseases, lifestyle (smoking, obesity), environmental factors, abnormalities of the uterus and cervix uteri, as well as endometriosis.

Conclusion: Infertility is a multifactorial disease that requires further investigation and solution of this problem to achieve the main result – to overcome infertility. Despite advances in the modern diagnosis and treatment of infertility, the number of infertile couples is growing every year. Therefore, female patients of any age need a personalized treatment approach. It should be noted that modern trends in medicine are aimed at the prediction and prevention of diseases that can lead to menacing complications, including infertility.