Biological and chronological aging. Ways to slow down aging

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Cardiovascular pathology is the leading cause of mortality in the world, and it is the number one cause of death among women. A multidisciplinary approach involving cardiologists, gynecologists and therapists is necessary to overcome this problem. This article describes the differences between chronological and biological aging, with the example of vascular aging. There are three vascular aging phenotypes: premature or early vascular aging (EVA), vascular stiffness in this phenotype is characteristic of older chronological age; normal vascular aging (NOVA), arterial stiffness parameters correspond to the chronological age of a person; and supernormal vascular aging (SUPERNOVA), this phenotype is characterized by low vascular stiffness parameters for chronological age. This concept is important since it is possible to identify people with a high-risk factor for cardiovascular disease at an early stage. The menopausal transition can have an impact on the heart and vascular health in the future. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the most effective method of correcting age-related estrogen deficiency. However, taking MHT can be limited by existing contraindications or patients’ unwillingness to take hormonal medications. The decrease in the overall risk of cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart diseases by 16% and 14%, respectively, in the Western European population was associated with the consumption of soy-rich foods. Phytoestrogens alone are obviously not able to meet all the needs during therapy. Soy isoflavones in combination with other plant extracts and micronutrients in the form of the supplement Estrovel can be considered as an alternative therapy.

Conclusion: Estrovel contains a balanced combination of bioactive components and can be used as a food supplement. This is particularly beneficial for women going through the phase of menopausal transition and in the postmenopausal period, as it can help to reduce vasomotor symptoms and prevent the development of cardiovascular pathology.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Nyurzhanna Kh. Khadzhieva

Medestet Clinic

Author for correspondence.
Email: nurzhanna@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5520-281X

PhD, obstetrician-gynecologist

Russian Federation, Moscow

Amina M. Alieva

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: nurzhanna@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5416-8579

PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Hospital Therapy named after Academician G.I. Storozhakov of the Faculty of Medicine

Russian Federation, Moscow

Igor G. Nikitin

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: nurzhanna@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1699-0881

Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Therapy named after Academician G.I. Storozhakov of the Faculty of Medicine

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Всемирный доклад о старении и здоровье. Женева, Швейцария; 2016. 316с. [WHO. World report on aging and health. Geneva, Switzerland; 2016. 316p. (in Russian)].
  2. Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Десятилетие здорового старения (2021-2030 гг.). Женева, Швейцария; 2020. 33c. [WHO. Decade of healthy aging (2021-2030). Geneva, Switzerland; 2020. 33p. (in Russian)].
  3. Fuster V. Chronological vs biological aging: JACC Journals Family Series. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2024; 83(16): 1614-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jacc.2024.03.003.
  4. El Khoudary S.R., Nasr A. Cardiovascular disease in women: does menopause matter? Curr. Opin. Endocr. Metab. Res. 2022; 27: 100419. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100419.
  5. Mehta J.M., Manson J.E. The menopausal transition period and cardiovascular risk. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2024; 21(3): 203-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ s41569-023-00926-7.
  6. El Khoudary S.R., Aggarwal B., Beckie T.M., Hodis H.N., Johnson A.E., Langer R.D. et al. Menopause transition and cardiovascular disease risk: implications for timing of early prevention: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020; 142(25): e506-e532. https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000912.
  7. Laurent S., Boutouyrie P. Vascular ageing - state of play, gaps and key issues. Heart Lung Circ. 2021; 30(11): 1591-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.528.
  8. González L.D.M., Romero-Orjuela S.P., Rabeya F.J., Del Castillo V., Echeverri D. Age and vascular aging: an unexplored frontier. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023; 10: 1278795. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1278795.
  9. Castelli R., Gidaro A., Casu G., Merella P., Profili N.I., Donadoni M. et al. Aging of the arterial system. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023; 24(8): 6910. https:// dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086910.
  10. Ротарь О.П., Толкунова К.М. Сосудистое старение в концепциях EVA и SUPERNOVA: непрерывный поиск повреждающих и протективных факторов. Артериальная гипертензия. 2020; 26(2): 133-45. [Rotar’ O.P., Tolkunova K.M. EVA and SUPERNOVA concepts of vascular aging: ongoing research on damaging and protective risk factors. Arterial Hypertension. 2020; 26(2): 133-45. (in Russian)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.18705/ 1607- 419X-2020-26-2-133-145.
  11. Laurent S., Boutouyrie P., Cunha P.G., Lacolley P., Nilsson P.M. Concept of extremes in vascular aging. Hypertension. 2019; 74(2): 218-28. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12655.
  12. Barbu E., Popescu M.R., Popescu A.C., Balanescu S.M. Inflammation as a precursor of atherothrombosis, diabetes and early vascular aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022; 23(2): 963. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020963.
  13. Novella S., Pérez-Cremades D., Mompeón A., Hermenegildo C. Mechanisms underlying the influence of oestrogen on cardiovascular physiology in women. J. Physiol. 2019; 597(19): 4873-86. https://dx.doi.org/10.1113/JP278063.
  14. Davezac M., Buscato M., Zahreddine R., Lacolley P., Henrion D., Lenfant F. et al. Estrogen receptor and vascular aging. Front. Aging. 2021; 2: 727380. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2021.727380.
  15. Довжикова И.В., Андриевская И.А. Рецепторы эстрогенов (обзор литературы). Часть 1. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2019; 72: 120-7. [Dovzhikova I.V., Andrievskaya I.A. Estrogen receptors (review). Part 1. Bulletin of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2019; (72): 120-7. (in Russian)]. https://doi.org/10.12737/artide_5d0ad2e5d54867.15780111.
  16. Yang S., Yin Z., Zhu G. A review of the functions of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 in vascular and neurological aging. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2021; 908: 174363. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174363.
  17. Peters B.A., Santoro N., Kaplan R.C., Qi Q. Spotlight on the gut microbiome in menopause: current insights. Int. J. Womens Health. 2022; 14: 1059-72. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S340491.
  18. Baker J.M., Al-Nakkash L., Herbst-Kralovetz M.M. Estrogen-gut microbiome axis: physiological and clinical implications. Maturitas. 2017; 103: 45-53. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.06.025.
  19. Meng Q., Ma M., Zhang W., Bi Y., Cheng P., Yu X. et al. The gut microbiota during the progression of atherosclerosis in the perimenopausal period shows specific compositional changes and significant correlations with circulating lipid metabolites. Gut Microbes. 2021; 13(1): 1-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 19490976.2021.1880220.
  20. Huang F., Cao Y., Liang J., Tang R., Wu S., Zhang P. et al. The influence of the gut microbiome on ovarian aging. Gut Microbes. 2024; 16(1): 2295394. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2295394.
  21. Mayneris-Perxachs J., Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M., Luque-Córdoba D., Priego-Capote F., Pérez-Brocal V., Moya A. et al. Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status. Microbiome. 2020; 8(1): 136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00913-x.
  22. Vieira A.T., Castelo P.M., Ribeiro D.A., Ferreira C.M. Influence of oral and gut microbiota in the health of menopausal women. Front. Microbiol. 2017; 8: 1884. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01884.
  23. Cross T.L., Simpson A.M.R., Lin C.Y., Hottmann N.M., Bhatt A.P., Pellock S.J. et al. Gut microbiome responds to alteration in female sex hormone status and exacerbates metabolic dysfunction. Gut Microbes. 2024; 16(1): 2295429. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2295429.
  24. Li D., Sun T., Tong Y., Le J., Yao Q., Tao J. et al. Gut-microbiome-expressed 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase degrades estradiol and is linked to depression in premenopausal females. Cell Metab. 2023; 35(4): 685-694.e5. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.017.
  25. Liberale L., Montecucco F., Tardif J.C., Libby P., Camici G.G. Inflamm-ageing: the role of inflammation in age-dependent cardiovascular disease. Eur. Heart J. 2020; 41(31): 2974-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz961.
  26. Barrea L., Verde L., Auriemma R.S., Vetrani C., Cataldi M., Frias-Toral E. et al. Probiotics and prebiotics: any role in menopause-related diseases? Curr. Nutr. Rep. 2023; 12(1): 83-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13668-023-00462-3.
  27. Hamczyk M.R., Nevado R.M., Barettino A., Fuster V., Andrés V. Biological versus chronological aging: JACC Focus Seminar. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2020; 75(8): 919-30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.062.
  28. Шляхто Е.В., Сухих Г.Т., Серов В.Н., Дедов И.И., Арутюнов Г.П., Сучков И.А. Российские критерии приемлемости назначения менопаузальной гормональной терапии пациенткам с сердечно-сосудистыми и метаболическими заболеваниями. Согласительный документ Российского кардиологического общества, Российского общества акушеров-гинекологов, Российской ассоциации эндокринологов, Евразийской ассоциации терапевтов, Ассоциации флебологов России. Акушерство и гинекология. 2023; 11: 211-32. [Shlyakhto E.V., Sukhikh G.T., Serov V.N., Dedov I.I., Arutyunov G.P., Suchkov I.A. Russian eligibility criteria for menopausal hormone therapy in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Consensus document of the Russian Society of Cardiology, Russian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Eurasian Association of Therapists, Russian Phlebological Association. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023; (11): 211-32. (in Russian)]. https:// dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2021.267.
  29. Юренева С.В., Дубровина А.В. Эволюция целей менопаузальной гормональной терапии. От лечения приливов к новым горизонтам кардиометаболической протекции. Акушерство и гинекология. 2018; 6: 18-24. [Yureneva S.V., Dubrovina A.V. Evolution of the goals of menopausal hormone therapy. From treatment for hot flushes to the new horizons of cardiometabolic protection. Clinical data. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018; (6): 18-24. (in Russian)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2018.6.18-24.
  30. Кузнецова И.В. Применение фитоэстрогенов для улучшения качества жизни и сохранения здоровья женщин в периодах менопаузального перехода и постменопаузы. Акушерство и гинекология. 2020; 10: 182-8. [Kuznetsova I.V. The use of phytoestrogens to improve quality of life and to preserve health in women during the menopausal transition and postmenopause. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020; (10): 182-8. (in Russian)]. https:// dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2020.10.182-188.
  31. Табеева Г.И., Сметник А.А., Ермакова Е.И. Принципы применения негормональных средств с целью коррекции климактерических нарушений: до, вместо или вместе с менопаузальной гормональной терапией. Акушерство и гинекология. 2023; 9: 192-8. [Tabeeva G.I., Smetnik А.А., Ermakova E.I. The use of non-hormonal medications for the correction of menopausal disorders: before, instead or together with menopausal hormone therapy. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023; (9): 192-8. (in Russian)]. https:// dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2023.210.
  32. Erdélyi A., Pálfi E., Tűű L., Nas K., Szűcs Z., Török M. et al. The importance of nutrition in menopause and perimenopause-a review. Nutrients. 2023; 16(1): 27. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16010027.
  33. Lei L., Hui S., Chen Y., Yan H., Yang J., Tong S. Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr. J. 2024; 23(1): 32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ s12937-024-00932-6.
  34. Hardy S.T., Loehr L.R., Butler K.R., Chakladar S., Chang P.P., Folsom A.R. et al. Reducing the blood pressure-related burden of cardiovascular disease: impact of achievable improvements in blood pressure prevention and control. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2015; 4(10): e002276. https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ JAHA.115.002276.
  35. Prawez S., Ahanger A.A., Singh T.U., Mishra S.K., Sarkar S.N., Rahman S. Chronic administration of phytoestrogen “daidzein” to ameliorate mean arterial pressure and vascular function in N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hypertensive rats. Vet. Arhiv. 2015; 85(4): 451-64.
  36. Choudhury A., Pai K.V. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity of daidzein. J. Drug Deliv. Ther. 2014; 4(6): 92-8.
  37. Naghshi S., Tutunchi H., Yousefi M., Naeini F., Mobarak S., Asadi M. et al. Soy isoflavone intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2024; 64(18): 6087-101. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398. 2022.2163372.
  38. Mozos I., Jianu D., Stoian D., Mozos C., Gug C., Pricop M. et al. The relationship between dietary choices and health and premature vascular ageing. Heart Lung Circ. 2021; 30(11): 1647-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.hlc.2021.07.009.
  39. Chen P., Sun J., Liang Z., Xu H., Du P., Li A. et al. The bioavailability of soy isoflavones in vitro and their effects on gut microbiota in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Food Res. Int. 2022; 152: 110868. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110868.
  40. McLaren S., Seidler K., Neil J. Investigating the role of 17β-estradiol on the serotonergic system, targeting soy isoflavones as a strategy to reduce menopausal depression: a mechanistic review. J. Am. Nutr. Assoc. 2024; 43(3): 221-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2023.2255237.
  41. Kędzia G., Woźniak M., Samborski W., Grygiel-Górniak B. Impact of dietary protein on osteoporosis development. Nutrients. 2023; 15(21): 4581. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15214581.
  42. Gholami A., Darudi F., Baradaran H.R., Hariri M. Effect of soy isoflavones on C-reactive protein in chronic inflammatory disorders. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2023; 93(5): 447-58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000751.
  43. Rizzo J., Min M., Adnan S., Afzal N., Maloh J., Chambers C.J. et al. Soy protein containing isoflavones improves facial signs of photoaging and skin hydration in postmenopausal women: results of a prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial. Nutrients. 2023; 15(19): 4113. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.3390/nu15194113.
  44. González-Lamuño D., Arrieta-Blanco F.J., Fuentes E.D., Forga-Visa M.T., Morales-Conejo M., Peña-Quintana L. et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in adult patients: a treatable metabolic condition. Nutrients. 2023; 16(1): 135. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16010135.
  45. Liwinski T., Lang U.E. Folate and its significance in depressive disorders and suicidality: a comprehensive narrative review. Nutrients. 2023; 15(17): 3859. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15173859.
  46. Naseri R., Farnia V., Yazdchi K., Alikhani M., Basanj B., Salemi S. Comparison of Vitex agnus-castus extracts with placebo in reducing menopausal symptoms: a randomized double-blind study. Korean J. Fam. Med. 2019; 40(6): 362-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.18.0067.
  47. Kan F., Kucukkurt I. The effects of boron on some biochemical parameters: a review. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2023; 79: 127249. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jtemb.2023.127249.
  48. Zhang T., O'Connor C., Sheridan H., Barlow J.W. Vitamin K2 in health and disease: a clinical perspective. Foods. 2024; 13(11): 1646. https:// dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13111646.
  49. Татарова Н.А., Айрапетян М.С., Жигалова Е.В. Стартовая терапия климактерического синдрома переходного менопаузального периода. Русский медицинский журнал. 2017; 2: 98-103. [Tatarova N.A., Irapetyan M.S., Zhigalova E.V. Initial treatment of climacteric syndrome in the transitional menopausal period. Russian Medical Journal. 2017; (2): 98-103. (in Russian)].
  50. Кузнецова И.В., Войченко Н.А., Кириллова М.Ю. Качество жизни и кардиоваскулярный риск у женщин в периодах менопаузального перехода и постменопаузы. Медицинский алфавит. 2020; 4: 39-45. [Kuznetsova I.V., Voichenko N.A., Kirillova M.Yu. Quality of life and cardiovascular risk in women during menopausal transition and postmenopause. Medical Alphabet. 2020; (4): 39-45. (in Russian)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.33667/ 2078-5631-2020-4-39-45.
  51. Dwivedi S., Singh V., Sharma K., Sliti A., Baunthiyal M., Shin J.H. Significance of soy-based fermented food and their bioactive compounds against obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2024; 79(1): 1-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-023-01130-1.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Bionika Media

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies